A normal form method for the determination of oscillations characteristics near the primary Hopf bifurcation in bandpass optoelectronic oscillators: Theory and experiment

We propose a framework for the analysis of the integro-differential delay Ikeda equations ruling the dynamics of bandpass optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs). Our framework is based on the normal form reduction of OEOs and helps in the determination of the amplitude and the frequency of the primary Hopf limit-cycles as a function of the time delay and other parameters. The study is carried for both the negative and the positive slopes of the sinusoidal transfer function, and our analytical results are confirmed by the numerical and experimental data.