All-sky Search for Transient Astrophysical Neutrino Emission with 10 Years of IceCube Cascade Events

IceCube Collaboration; Else Magnus; Yarno Merckx

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3730

All-sky Search for Transient Astrophysical Neutrino Emission with 10 Years of IceCube Cascade Events

IceCube Collaboration, Else Magnus, Yarno Merckx

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Neutrino flares in the sky are searched for in data collected by IceCube between 2011 and 2021 May. This data set contains cascade-like events originating from charged-current electron neutrino and tau neutrino interactions and all-flavor neutral-current interactions. IceCube’s previous all-sky searches for neutrino flares used data sets consisting of track-like events originating from charged-current muon neutrino interactions. The cascade data set is statistically independent of the track data sets, and while inferior in angular resolution, the low-background nature makes it competitive and complementary to previous searches. No statistically significant flare of neutrino emission was observed in an all-sky scan. Upper limits are calculated on neutrino flares of varying duration from 1 hr to 100 days. Furthermore, constraints on the contribution of these flares to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux are presented, showing that multiple unresolved transient sources may contribute to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux.

Original language	English
Article number	48
Number of pages	9
Journal	The Astrophysical Journal
Volume	967
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3730
Publication status	Published - 16 May 2024

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The IceCube collaboration acknowledges the significant contributions to this manuscript from Michael Kovacevich. USA\u2014U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, U.S. National Science Foundation-EPSCoR, U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Partnership to Advance Throughput Computing (PATh), Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS), Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, U.S. Department of Energy-National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle Astrophysics Research Computing Center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, Astroparticle Physics Computational Facility at Marquette University, NVIDIA Corporation, and Google Cloud Platform; Belgium\u2014Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Germany\u2014Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden\u2014Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Union\u2014EGI Advanced Computing for Research; Australia\u2014Australian Research Council; Canada\u2014Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Qu\u00E9bec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Digital Research Alliance of Canada; Denmark\u2014Villum Fonden, Carlsberg Foundation, and European Commission; New Zealand\u2014Marsden Fund; Japan\u2014Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University; Korea\u2014National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Switzerland\u2014Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).

Funding Information:
The IceCube collaboration acknowledges the significant contributions to this manuscript from Michael Kovacevich. USA\u2014U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013Physics Division, U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013EPSCoR, U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Partnership to Advance Throughput Computing (PATh), Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS), Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, U.S. Department of Energy\u2013National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle Astrophysics Research Computing Center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, Astroparticle Physics Computational Facility at Marquette University, NVIDIA Corporation, and Google Cloud Platform; Belgium\u2014Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Germany\u2014Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden\u2014Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Union\u2014EGI Advanced Computing for Research; Australia\u2014Australian Research Council; Canada\u2014Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Qu\u00E9bec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Digital Research Alliance of Canada; Denmark\u2014Villum Fonden, Carlsberg Foundation, and European Commission; New Zealand\u2014Marsden Fund; Japan\u2014Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University; Korea\u2014National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Switzerland\u2014Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Keywords

Neutrino astronomy
High energy astrophysics
Transient sources
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

Access to Document

10.3847/1538-4357/ad3730

Cite this

@article{17366131bd204628a9305e2c0335555f,

title = "All-sky Search for Transient Astrophysical Neutrino Emission with 10 Years of IceCube Cascade Events",

abstract = "Neutrino flares in the sky are searched for in data collected by IceCube between 2011 and 2021 May. This data set contains cascade-like events originating from charged-current electron neutrino and tau neutrino interactions and all-flavor neutral-current interactions. IceCube{\textquoteright}s previous all-sky searches for neutrino flares used data sets consisting of track-like events originating from charged-current muon neutrino interactions. The cascade data set is statistically independent of the track data sets, and while inferior in angular resolution, the low-background nature makes it competitive and complementary to previous searches. No statistically significant flare of neutrino emission was observed in an all-sky scan. Upper limits are calculated on neutrino flares of varying duration from 1 hr to 100 days. Furthermore, constraints on the contribution of these flares to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux are presented, showing that multiple unresolved transient sources may contribute to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux.",

keywords = "Neutrino astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Transient sources, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)",

author = "{IceCube Collaboration} and Else Magnus and Yarno Merckx",

note = "Funding Information: The IceCube collaboration acknowledges the significant contributions to this manuscript from Michael Kovacevich. USA\u2014U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, U.S. National Science Foundation-EPSCoR, U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Partnership to Advance Throughput Computing (PATh), Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS), Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, U.S. Department of Energy-National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle Astrophysics Research Computing Center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, Astroparticle Physics Computational Facility at Marquette University, NVIDIA Corporation, and Google Cloud Platform; Belgium\u2014Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Germany\u2014Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden\u2014Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Union\u2014EGI Advanced Computing for Research; Australia\u2014Australian Research Council; Canada\u2014Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Qu\u00E9bec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Digital Research Alliance of Canada; Denmark\u2014Villum Fonden, Carlsberg Foundation, and European Commission; New Zealand\u2014Marsden Fund; Japan\u2014Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University; Korea\u2014National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Switzerland\u2014Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Funding Information: The IceCube collaboration acknowledges the significant contributions to this manuscript from Michael Kovacevich. USA\u2014U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013Physics Division, U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013EPSCoR, U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Partnership to Advance Throughput Computing (PATh), Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS), Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, U.S. Department of Energy\u2013National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle Astrophysics Research Computing Center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, Astroparticle Physics Computational Facility at Marquette University, NVIDIA Corporation, and Google Cloud Platform; Belgium\u2014Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Germany\u2014Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden\u2014Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Union\u2014EGI Advanced Computing for Research; Australia\u2014Australian Research Council; Canada\u2014Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Qu\u00E9bec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Digital Research Alliance of Canada; Denmark\u2014Villum Fonden, Carlsberg Foundation, and European Commission; New Zealand\u2014Marsden Fund; Japan\u2014Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University; Korea\u2014National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Switzerland\u2014Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2024",

month = may,

day = "16",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ad3730",

language = "English",

volume = "967",

journal = "The Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - All-sky Search for Transient Astrophysical Neutrino Emission with 10 Years of IceCube Cascade Events

AU - IceCube Collaboration

AU - Magnus, Else

AU - Merckx, Yarno

N1 - Funding Information: The IceCube collaboration acknowledges the significant contributions to this manuscript from Michael Kovacevich. USA\u2014U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, U.S. National Science Foundation-EPSCoR, U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Partnership to Advance Throughput Computing (PATh), Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS), Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, U.S. Department of Energy-National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle Astrophysics Research Computing Center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, Astroparticle Physics Computational Facility at Marquette University, NVIDIA Corporation, and Google Cloud Platform; Belgium\u2014Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Germany\u2014Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden\u2014Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Union\u2014EGI Advanced Computing for Research; Australia\u2014Australian Research Council; Canada\u2014Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Qu\u00E9bec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Digital Research Alliance of Canada; Denmark\u2014Villum Fonden, Carlsberg Foundation, and European Commission; New Zealand\u2014Marsden Fund; Japan\u2014Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University; Korea\u2014National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Switzerland\u2014Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Funding Information: The IceCube collaboration acknowledges the significant contributions to this manuscript from Michael Kovacevich. USA\u2014U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013Physics Division, U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013EPSCoR, U.S. National Science Foundation\u2013Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Partnership to Advance Throughput Computing (PATh), Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS), Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, U.S. Department of Energy\u2013National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle Astrophysics Research Computing Center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, Astroparticle Physics Computational Facility at Marquette University, NVIDIA Corporation, and Google Cloud Platform; Belgium\u2014Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Germany\u2014Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden\u2014Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Union\u2014EGI Advanced Computing for Research; Australia\u2014Australian Research Council; Canada\u2014Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Qu\u00E9bec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Digital Research Alliance of Canada; Denmark\u2014Villum Fonden, Carlsberg Foundation, and European Commission; New Zealand\u2014Marsden Fund; Japan\u2014Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University; Korea\u2014National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Switzerland\u2014Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Publisher Copyright: © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

PY - 2024/5/16

Y1 - 2024/5/16

N2 - Neutrino flares in the sky are searched for in data collected by IceCube between 2011 and 2021 May. This data set contains cascade-like events originating from charged-current electron neutrino and tau neutrino interactions and all-flavor neutral-current interactions. IceCube’s previous all-sky searches for neutrino flares used data sets consisting of track-like events originating from charged-current muon neutrino interactions. The cascade data set is statistically independent of the track data sets, and while inferior in angular resolution, the low-background nature makes it competitive and complementary to previous searches. No statistically significant flare of neutrino emission was observed in an all-sky scan. Upper limits are calculated on neutrino flares of varying duration from 1 hr to 100 days. Furthermore, constraints on the contribution of these flares to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux are presented, showing that multiple unresolved transient sources may contribute to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux.

AB - Neutrino flares in the sky are searched for in data collected by IceCube between 2011 and 2021 May. This data set contains cascade-like events originating from charged-current electron neutrino and tau neutrino interactions and all-flavor neutral-current interactions. IceCube’s previous all-sky searches for neutrino flares used data sets consisting of track-like events originating from charged-current muon neutrino interactions. The cascade data set is statistically independent of the track data sets, and while inferior in angular resolution, the low-background nature makes it competitive and complementary to previous searches. No statistically significant flare of neutrino emission was observed in an all-sky scan. Upper limits are calculated on neutrino flares of varying duration from 1 hr to 100 days. Furthermore, constraints on the contribution of these flares to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux are presented, showing that multiple unresolved transient sources may contribute to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux.

KW - Neutrino astronomy

KW - High energy astrophysics

KW - Transient sources

KW - Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

KW - High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

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U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad3730

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad3730

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 967

JO - The Astrophysical Journal

JF - The Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 48

ER -

All-sky Search for Transient Astrophysical Neutrino Emission with 10 Years of IceCube Cascade Events

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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