Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study

Bruno P Melo; Aline C Zacarias; Joyce C C Oliveira; Letícia M De Souza Cordeiro; Samuel P Wanner; Mara L Dos Santos; Gleide F Avelar; Romain Meeusen; Elsa Heyman; Danusa D Soares

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0247

Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study

Bruno P Melo, Aline C Zacarias, Joyce C C Oliveira, Letícia M De Souza Cordeiro, Samuel P Wanner, Mara L Dos Santos, Gleide F Avelar, Romain Meeusen, Elsa Heyman, Danusa D Soares

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the combined effects of aerobic exercise (EXE) and cocoa flavanol (COCOA) supplementation on performance, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory and lipid profiles in obese insulin-resistant rats. Therefore, 32 male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were fed a high-fat diet and a fructose-rich beverage for 30 days to induce insulin resistance. Next, the rats were randomized into four groups, orally administered placebo solution or COCOA supplementation (45 mg·kg-1), and either remained sedentary or were subjected to EXE on a treadmill at 60% peak velocity for 30 min, for 8 weeks. Blood samples and peripheral tissues were collected and processed to analyze metabolic and inflammatory parameters, lipid profiles, and morphological parameters. Supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved physical performance and attenuated body mass gain, adipose index, and adipocyte area. When analyzed as individual interventions, supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved glucose intolerance and the lipid profile reduced the concentrations of leptin, glucose, and insulin, and reduced homeostasis assessment index (all effects were p < .001 for both interventions), while ameliorated some inflammatory mediators in examined tissues. In skeletal muscles, both COCOA supplementation and EXE increased the expression of glucose transporter (p < .001 and p < .001), and combined intervention showed additive effects (p < .001 vs. COCOA alone or EXE alone). Thus, combining COCOA with EXE represents an effective nonpharmacological strategy to treat insulin resistance; it could prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving physical performance, glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine control, and lipid and inflammatory mediators in the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in obese male insulin-resistant rats.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	89-101
Number of pages	13
Journal	International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Volume	32
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0247
Publication status	Published - Mar 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors thank the Pascale Fança-Berthon for their assistance and contribution to the development of this research. The authors thank the Naturex (Avignon, France) for providing the powder COCOA-enriched used in this study. B.P. Melo helped in conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, project administration, and roles/writing the— original draft, writing, reviewing, and editing; A.C. Zacarias helped in investigation, formal analysis, and writing—reviewing and editing; J.C.C. Oliveira helped in investigation and formal analysis; L.M. De Souza Cordeiro helped in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and writing—reviewing and editing; S.P. Wanner helped in methodology, formal analysis, and writing—reviewing and editing; L.M. De Souza Cordeiro helped formal analysis and resources; G.F. Avelar helped in methodology, formal analysis, resources, and writing (reviewing and editing), supervision, and funding acquisition; R. Meeusen helped in methodology, formal analysis, project administration, and funding acquisition; E. Heyman helped in conceptualization, resources, project administration, writing (reviewing and editing), and funding acquisition; D.D. Soares helped in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, resources, project administration, roles/writing (original draft, writing, reviewing, and editing), funding acquisition, and supervision. This work was financed and supported by the FAPEMIG—Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (CDS-APQ-03546-15 FAPEMIG and CDS-APQ-00417-15) from Brazil. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.. All rights reserved.

Copyright:
Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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Melo, B. P., Zacarias, A. C., Oliveira, J. C. C., De Souza Cordeiro, L. M., Wanner, S. P., Dos Santos, M. L., Avelar, G. F., Meeusen, R., Heyman, E., & Soares, D. D. (2022). Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 32(2), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0247

@article{048b222e7f00476b80c07af8439f2007,

title = "Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study",

abstract = "We aimed to investigate the combined effects of aerobic exercise (EXE) and cocoa flavanol (COCOA) supplementation on performance, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory and lipid profiles in obese insulin-resistant rats. Therefore, 32 male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were fed a high-fat diet and a fructose-rich beverage for 30 days to induce insulin resistance. Next, the rats were randomized into four groups, orally administered placebo solution or COCOA supplementation (45 mg·kg-1), and either remained sedentary or were subjected to EXE on a treadmill at 60% peak velocity for 30 min, for 8 weeks. Blood samples and peripheral tissues were collected and processed to analyze metabolic and inflammatory parameters, lipid profiles, and morphological parameters. Supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved physical performance and attenuated body mass gain, adipose index, and adipocyte area. When analyzed as individual interventions, supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved glucose intolerance and the lipid profile reduced the concentrations of leptin, glucose, and insulin, and reduced homeostasis assessment index (all effects were p < .001 for both interventions), while ameliorated some inflammatory mediators in examined tissues. In skeletal muscles, both COCOA supplementation and EXE increased the expression of glucose transporter (p < .001 and p < .001), and combined intervention showed additive effects (p < .001 vs. COCOA alone or EXE alone). Thus, combining COCOA with EXE represents an effective nonpharmacological strategy to treat insulin resistance; it could prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving physical performance, glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine control, and lipid and inflammatory mediators in the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in obese male insulin-resistant rats.",

author = "Melo, {Bruno P} and Zacarias, {Aline C} and Oliveira, {Joyce C C} and {De Souza Cordeiro}, {Let{\'i}cia M} and Wanner, {Samuel P} and {Dos Santos}, {Mara L} and Avelar, {Gleide F} and Romain Meeusen and Elsa Heyman and Soares, {Danusa D}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the Pascale Fan{\c c}a-Berthon for their assistance and contribution to the development of this research. The authors thank the Naturex (Avignon, France) for providing the powder COCOA-enriched used in this study. B.P. Melo helped in conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, project administration, and roles/writing the— original draft, writing, reviewing, and editing; A.C. Zacarias helped in investigation, formal analysis, and writing—reviewing and editing; J.C.C. Oliveira helped in investigation and formal analysis; L.M. De Souza Cordeiro helped in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and writing—reviewing and editing; S.P. Wanner helped in methodology, formal analysis, and writing—reviewing and editing; L.M. De Souza Cordeiro helped formal analysis and resources; G.F. Avelar helped in methodology, formal analysis, resources, and writing (reviewing and editing), supervision, and funding acquisition; R. Meeusen helped in methodology, formal analysis, project administration, and funding acquisition; E. Heyman helped in conceptualization, resources, project administration, writing (reviewing and editing), and funding acquisition; D.D. Soares helped in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, resources, project administration, roles/writing (original draft, writing, reviewing, and editing), funding acquisition, and supervision. This work was financed and supported by the FAPEMIG—Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (CDS-APQ-03546-15 FAPEMIG and CDS-APQ-00417-15) from Brazil. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.. All rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0247",

language = "English",

volume = "32",

pages = "89--101",

journal = "International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism",

issn = "1526-484X",

publisher = "Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.",

number = "2",

}

Melo, BP, Zacarias, AC, Oliveira, JCC, De Souza Cordeiro, LM, Wanner, SP, Dos Santos, ML, Avelar, GF, Meeusen, R, Heyman, E & Soares, DD 2022, 'Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study', International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0247

Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study. / Melo, Bruno P; Zacarias, Aline C; Oliveira, Joyce C C et al.
In: International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Vol. 32, No. 2, 03.2022, p. 89-101.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats

T2 - The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study

AU - Melo, Bruno P

AU - Zacarias, Aline C

AU - Oliveira, Joyce C C

AU - De Souza Cordeiro, Letícia M

AU - Wanner, Samuel P

AU - Dos Santos, Mara L

AU - Avelar, Gleide F

AU - Meeusen, Romain

AU - Heyman, Elsa

AU - Soares, Danusa D

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank the Pascale Fança-Berthon for their assistance and contribution to the development of this research. The authors thank the Naturex (Avignon, France) for providing the powder COCOA-enriched used in this study. B.P. Melo helped in conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, project administration, and roles/writing the— original draft, writing, reviewing, and editing; A.C. Zacarias helped in investigation, formal analysis, and writing—reviewing and editing; J.C.C. Oliveira helped in investigation and formal analysis; L.M. De Souza Cordeiro helped in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and writing—reviewing and editing; S.P. Wanner helped in methodology, formal analysis, and writing—reviewing and editing; L.M. De Souza Cordeiro helped formal analysis and resources; G.F. Avelar helped in methodology, formal analysis, resources, and writing (reviewing and editing), supervision, and funding acquisition; R. Meeusen helped in methodology, formal analysis, project administration, and funding acquisition; E. Heyman helped in conceptualization, resources, project administration, writing (reviewing and editing), and funding acquisition; D.D. Soares helped in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, resources, project administration, roles/writing (original draft, writing, reviewing, and editing), funding acquisition, and supervision. This work was financed and supported by the FAPEMIG—Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (CDS-APQ-03546-15 FAPEMIG and CDS-APQ-00417-15) from Brazil. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.. All rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2022/3

Y1 - 2022/3

N2 - We aimed to investigate the combined effects of aerobic exercise (EXE) and cocoa flavanol (COCOA) supplementation on performance, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory and lipid profiles in obese insulin-resistant rats. Therefore, 32 male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were fed a high-fat diet and a fructose-rich beverage for 30 days to induce insulin resistance. Next, the rats were randomized into four groups, orally administered placebo solution or COCOA supplementation (45 mg·kg-1), and either remained sedentary or were subjected to EXE on a treadmill at 60% peak velocity for 30 min, for 8 weeks. Blood samples and peripheral tissues were collected and processed to analyze metabolic and inflammatory parameters, lipid profiles, and morphological parameters. Supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved physical performance and attenuated body mass gain, adipose index, and adipocyte area. When analyzed as individual interventions, supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved glucose intolerance and the lipid profile reduced the concentrations of leptin, glucose, and insulin, and reduced homeostasis assessment index (all effects were p < .001 for both interventions), while ameliorated some inflammatory mediators in examined tissues. In skeletal muscles, both COCOA supplementation and EXE increased the expression of glucose transporter (p < .001 and p < .001), and combined intervention showed additive effects (p < .001 vs. COCOA alone or EXE alone). Thus, combining COCOA with EXE represents an effective nonpharmacological strategy to treat insulin resistance; it could prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving physical performance, glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine control, and lipid and inflammatory mediators in the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in obese male insulin-resistant rats.

AB - We aimed to investigate the combined effects of aerobic exercise (EXE) and cocoa flavanol (COCOA) supplementation on performance, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory and lipid profiles in obese insulin-resistant rats. Therefore, 32 male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were fed a high-fat diet and a fructose-rich beverage for 30 days to induce insulin resistance. Next, the rats were randomized into four groups, orally administered placebo solution or COCOA supplementation (45 mg·kg-1), and either remained sedentary or were subjected to EXE on a treadmill at 60% peak velocity for 30 min, for 8 weeks. Blood samples and peripheral tissues were collected and processed to analyze metabolic and inflammatory parameters, lipid profiles, and morphological parameters. Supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved physical performance and attenuated body mass gain, adipose index, and adipocyte area. When analyzed as individual interventions, supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved glucose intolerance and the lipid profile reduced the concentrations of leptin, glucose, and insulin, and reduced homeostasis assessment index (all effects were p < .001 for both interventions), while ameliorated some inflammatory mediators in examined tissues. In skeletal muscles, both COCOA supplementation and EXE increased the expression of glucose transporter (p < .001 and p < .001), and combined intervention showed additive effects (p < .001 vs. COCOA alone or EXE alone). Thus, combining COCOA with EXE represents an effective nonpharmacological strategy to treat insulin resistance; it could prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving physical performance, glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine control, and lipid and inflammatory mediators in the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in obese male insulin-resistant rats.

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Melo BP, Zacarias AC, Oliveira JCC, De Souza Cordeiro LM, Wanner SP, Dos Santos ML et al. Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2022 Mar;32(2):89-101. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0247

Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study

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