TY - JOUR
T1 - Dépasser l’éloignement : les correspondances d’Eugène de Savoie et le gouvernement à distance des Pays-Bas autrichiens (1716-1725)
AU - Van Gelder, Klaas
PY - 2015/3
Y1 - 2015/3
N2 - This article focuses on official correspondence as the basic material condition for every early modern regime, certainly in composite monarchies with large distances to bridge. To clarify how vital the smooth transfer of information and orders was, I will analyze the example of the Southern Netherlands in the decade after their allocation to Austria in 1716. Chronologically, this more or less coincides with the government of Prince Eugene of Savoy and, due to his permanent absence from Brussels, the ministry of the Marquis of Prié. This case-study illustrates how problematic an inadequate data flow from a remote territory towards the capital of a composite monarchy could be, and how Vienna and especially Eugene of Savoy tried to overcome the inherent problems.Prié was expected to correspond on a regular basis regarding the occurrences in the Netherlands. In practice, however, he failed more than once to report during several weeks, he responded exasperatingly slowly to the letters from Vienna, and frequently neglected to confirm the receipt of imperial dispatches. Because of these shortcomings, governor-general Eugene of Savoy started searching for other informants. As a result, the official correspondence was supplemented with parallel unofficial correspondence with strategic office-holders in the Netherlands. Moreover, their task was not limited to the supply of information. The governor also called on them to put pressure on his negligent minister, and thus to a certain extent to exercise supervision over the activities of his representative. The example of Eugene’s correspondences allows us to illustrate how vital the smooth transmission of information and orders was for an early modern government apparatus. Each hitch jeopardized the decision-making process, and affected the authority of the regime. Furthermore, this case-study, which follows in the wake of the so-called spatial turn and builds on growing historiographical attention to the impact of geography and distance on government practices, enables us to demonstrate the learning process Vienna went through with respect to the Southern Netherlands. Because of Prié’s deficient communication, among other things, Vienna changed course in 1725 and nominated a governor-general of royal blood, Archduchess Maria Elisabeth, seconded by a grand-maître de la Cour who served as prime minister. Consequently, from then on Vienna had at its disposal two official sources of information in Brussels. This did not solve every problem, but it did constitute a major step forward in guaranteeing the smooth transfer of intelligence. Specific instructions were given to regulate the official correspondence, even though it took several more decades before this correspondence was thoroughly and structurally reorganized in the second half of the century.
AB - This article focuses on official correspondence as the basic material condition for every early modern regime, certainly in composite monarchies with large distances to bridge. To clarify how vital the smooth transfer of information and orders was, I will analyze the example of the Southern Netherlands in the decade after their allocation to Austria in 1716. Chronologically, this more or less coincides with the government of Prince Eugene of Savoy and, due to his permanent absence from Brussels, the ministry of the Marquis of Prié. This case-study illustrates how problematic an inadequate data flow from a remote territory towards the capital of a composite monarchy could be, and how Vienna and especially Eugene of Savoy tried to overcome the inherent problems.Prié was expected to correspond on a regular basis regarding the occurrences in the Netherlands. In practice, however, he failed more than once to report during several weeks, he responded exasperatingly slowly to the letters from Vienna, and frequently neglected to confirm the receipt of imperial dispatches. Because of these shortcomings, governor-general Eugene of Savoy started searching for other informants. As a result, the official correspondence was supplemented with parallel unofficial correspondence with strategic office-holders in the Netherlands. Moreover, their task was not limited to the supply of information. The governor also called on them to put pressure on his negligent minister, and thus to a certain extent to exercise supervision over the activities of his representative. The example of Eugene’s correspondences allows us to illustrate how vital the smooth transmission of information and orders was for an early modern government apparatus. Each hitch jeopardized the decision-making process, and affected the authority of the regime. Furthermore, this case-study, which follows in the wake of the so-called spatial turn and builds on growing historiographical attention to the impact of geography and distance on government practices, enables us to demonstrate the learning process Vienna went through with respect to the Southern Netherlands. Because of Prié’s deficient communication, among other things, Vienna changed course in 1725 and nominated a governor-general of royal blood, Archduchess Maria Elisabeth, seconded by a grand-maître de la Cour who served as prime minister. Consequently, from then on Vienna had at its disposal two official sources of information in Brussels. This did not solve every problem, but it did constitute a major step forward in guaranteeing the smooth transfer of intelligence. Specific instructions were given to regulate the official correspondence, even though it took several more decades before this correspondence was thoroughly and structurally reorganized in the second half of the century.
KW - Austrian Netherlands
KW - Habsburg Monarchy
KW - Prince Eugene of Savoy
KW - Correspondance
KW - Political History
KW - Eighteenth Century
KW - Government at a Distance
M3 - Article
VL - 97
SP - 529
EP - 550
JO - Revue du Nord
JF - Revue du Nord
SN - 0035-2624
IS - 411
ER -