Dysphagia in elderly nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment can be attenuated by cervical spine mobilization

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of cervical spine mobilization in elderly dementia patients with dysphagia, and its effect on swallowing capacity.

METHODS: Fifteen nursing home residents (9 women, 6 men, age range 77-98 years) with severe dementia (median Mini Mental State Examination score=8/30, percentile (P)25-75=4-13) and known dysphagia participated in a randomized controlled trial with cross-over design. Cervical spine mobilization was administered by trained physiotherapists. Control sessions consisted of socializing visits. Feasibility (attendance, hostility, complications) and maximal swallowing volume (water bolus 1-20 ml) were assessed following one session and one week (3 sessions) of treatment and control.

RESULTS: Ninety percent of cervical spine mobilization sessions were completed successfully (3 sessions could not be carried out due to the patient's hostility and 2 due to illness) and no complications were observed. Swallowing capacity improved significantly after cervical spine mobilization (from 3 ml (P25-75=1-10) to 5 ml (P25-75=3-15) after one session p=0.01 and to 10 ml (P25-75=5-20) (+230%) after one week treatment p=0.03) compared with control (no significant changes, difference in evolution after one session between treatment and control, p=0.03).

CONCLUSION: Cervical spine mobilization is feasible and can improve swallowing capacity in cognitively impaired residents in nursing homes. Given the acute improvements following treatment, it is probably best provided before meals.