Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068

IceCube Collaboration

doi:10.1126/science.abg3395

Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068

IceCube Collaboration

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

158 Citations (Scopus)

236 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy's active core. We searched for neutrino emission from astrophysical objects using data recorded with the IceCube neutrino detector between 2011 and 2020. The positions of 110 known gamma-ray sources were individually searched for neutrino detections above atmospheric and cosmic backgrounds. We found that NGC 1068 has an excess of 79+2220 neutrinos at tera-electron volt energies, with a global significance of 4.2σ, which we interpret as associated with the active galaxy. The flux of high-energy neutrinos that we measured from NGC 1068 is more than an order of magnitude higher than the upper limit on emissions of tera-electron volt gamma rays from this source.

Original language	English
Article number	538-543
Pages (from-to)	538-543
Number of pages	6
Journal	Science
Volume	378
Issue number	6619
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg3395
Publication status	Published - 3 Nov 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the following agencies and institutions. USA: US National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, US National Science Foundation-Physics Division, US National Science Foundation-EPSCoR, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), the Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, US Department of Energy-National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Particle Astrophysics research computing center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, and the astroparticle physics computational facility at Marquette University. Belgium: Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programs, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo). Germany: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and the High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen. Sweden: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. Australia: Australian Research Council. Canada: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Québec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Compute Canada. Denmark: Villum Fonden and Carlsberg Foundation. New Zealand: Marsden Fund. Japan: Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University. Korea: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF). Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). UK: the Department of Physics of the University of Oxford.

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved.

Copyright:
Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

astro-ph.HE
astro-ph.GA
astro-ph.IM
hep-ex

Access to Document

10.1126/science.abg3395Licence: Unspecified

2211.09972v1Accepted author manuscript, 6.36 MBLicence: Unspecified

Cite this

@article{332d6cb51159455fb1d94d9aebd09265,

title = "Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068",

abstract = "A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy's active core. We searched for neutrino emission from astrophysical objects using data recorded with the IceCube neutrino detector between 2011 and 2020. The positions of 110 known gamma-ray sources were individually searched for neutrino detections above atmospheric and cosmic backgrounds. We found that NGC 1068 has an excess of 79+2220 neutrinos at tera-electron volt energies, with a global significance of 4.2σ, which we interpret as associated with the active galaxy. The flux of high-energy neutrinos that we measured from NGC 1068 is more than an order of magnitude higher than the upper limit on emissions of tera-electron volt gamma rays from this source.",

keywords = "astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex",

author = "{IceCube Collaboration} and {Correa Camiroaga}, Pablo and Paul Coppin and {De Clercq}, Catherine and {De Vries}, Krijn and {Van Eijndhoven}, Nicolaas",

note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the following agencies and institutions. USA: US National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, US National Science Foundation-Physics Division, US National Science Foundation-EPSCoR, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), the Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, US Department of Energy-National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Particle Astrophysics research computing center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, and the astroparticle physics computational facility at Marquette University. Belgium: Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programs, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo). Germany: Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and the High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen. Sweden: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. Australia: Australian Research Council. Canada: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Qu{\'e}bec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Compute Canada. Denmark: Villum Fonden and Carlsberg Foundation. New Zealand: Marsden Fund. Japan: Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University. Korea: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF). Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). UK: the Department of Physics of the University of Oxford. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2022",

month = nov,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1126/science.abg3395",

language = "English",

volume = "378",

pages = "538--543",

journal = "Science",

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T1 - Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068

AU - IceCube Collaboration

AU - Correa Camiroaga, Pablo

AU - Coppin, Paul

AU - De Clercq, Catherine

AU - De Vries, Krijn

AU - Van Eijndhoven, Nicolaas

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the following agencies and institutions. USA: US National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, US National Science Foundation-Physics Division, US National Science Foundation-EPSCoR, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), the Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, US Department of Energy-National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Particle Astrophysics research computing center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, and the astroparticle physics computational facility at Marquette University. Belgium: Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programs, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo). Germany: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and the High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen. Sweden: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. Australia: Australian Research Council. Canada: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Québec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Compute Canada. Denmark: Villum Fonden and Carlsberg Foundation. New Zealand: Marsden Fund. Japan: Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University. Korea: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF). Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). UK: the Department of Physics of the University of Oxford. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2022/11/3

Y1 - 2022/11/3

N2 - A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy's active core. We searched for neutrino emission from astrophysical objects using data recorded with the IceCube neutrino detector between 2011 and 2020. The positions of 110 known gamma-ray sources were individually searched for neutrino detections above atmospheric and cosmic backgrounds. We found that NGC 1068 has an excess of 79+2220 neutrinos at tera-electron volt energies, with a global significance of 4.2σ, which we interpret as associated with the active galaxy. The flux of high-energy neutrinos that we measured from NGC 1068 is more than an order of magnitude higher than the upper limit on emissions of tera-electron volt gamma rays from this source.

AB - A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy's active core. We searched for neutrino emission from astrophysical objects using data recorded with the IceCube neutrino detector between 2011 and 2020. The positions of 110 known gamma-ray sources were individually searched for neutrino detections above atmospheric and cosmic backgrounds. We found that NGC 1068 has an excess of 79+2220 neutrinos at tera-electron volt energies, with a global significance of 4.2σ, which we interpret as associated with the active galaxy. The flux of high-energy neutrinos that we measured from NGC 1068 is more than an order of magnitude higher than the upper limit on emissions of tera-electron volt gamma rays from this source.

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KW - astro-ph.GA

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KW - hep-ex

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DO - 10.1126/science.abg3395

M3 - Article

VL - 378

SP - 538

EP - 543

JO - Science

JF - Science

SN - 0036-8075

IS - 6619

M1 - 538-543

ER -

Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

FWOIRI11: Exploring the Extreme Universe with the (Extended) IceCube Neutrino and Cosmic Ray Observatory at the South Pole

SRP72: SRP-Onderzoekszwaartepunt: High-energy physics (HEP@VUB).

EU590: RadNu: Radio detection of the PeV - EeV cosmic-neutrino flux

Cite this

Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

FWOIRI11: Exploring the Extreme Universe with the (Extended) IceCube Neutrino and Cosmic Ray Observatory at the South Pole

SRP72: SRP-Onderzoekszwaartepunt: High-energy physics (HEP@VUB).

EU590: RadNu: Radio detection of the PeV - EeV cosmic-neutrino flux

Cite this