Insights into cultural and compliance challenges in type 2 diabetes care: A qualitative study of Moroccan and Belgian patients in Belgium

Aims To explore factors that may contribute to a possible reduced compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a migrant (i.e. North African) background living in a western society. Methods Semi-structured interviews with people with T2DM both of Moroccan and Belgian origin, recruited within the diabetes clinic of the University Hospital Brussel, Belgium. Data was analysed thematically using NVivo. Results Participants indicated they were adequately informed about T2DM, however results show a demand for culturally tailored preventive education for Moroccan participants. Both groups generally had good knowledge of a healthy lifestyle and what is expected after diagnosis, but considered maintaining healthy lifestyle and correct medication adherence, intensive. Participants mentioned a wide range of themes that affected their compliance, both positively and negatively. Perceived barriers were social issues, lack of motivation, insufficient support from the environment, stress, forgetfulness, winter conditions and COVID. Culturally shaped views on eating habits, illness, medication use and health were clear barriers in the Moroccan group. Conclusion Findings highlight the need for future in depth research into diabetes related knowledge within the Moroccan community living in Belgium (and similar other Western countries) whilst considering differences between generations of migrants, gender and level of education.