Job satisfaction and turnover intent of primary health care nurses in rural South Africa: A questionnaire survey

Aim
This paper is a report of a correlational study of the relations between demographic variables, job satisfaction, and turnover intent among primary health care nurses in a rural area of South Africa.
Background
Health systems in Southern Africa face a nursing shortage fuelled by migration, but research on job satisfaction and turnover intent of primary health care nurses remains poorly described.
Method
A cross-sectional study with survey design was conducted in 2005 in all local primary health care clinics, including nurses on duty at the time of visit (n = 143). Scale development, ANOVA and Spearmans rank correlation, and logistic regression were applied.
Results
Nurses reported satisfaction with work content and co-worker relationships and dissatisfaction with pay and work conditions. Half of all nurses considered turnover within two years, of whom three in ten considered moving overseas. Job satisfaction was statistically significantly associated with unit tenure (P <0.05), professional rank (P <0.01) and turnover intent (P <0.01). Turnover intent was statistically significantly explained by job satisfaction, age, and education (P <0.001), with younger and higher educated nurses being more likely to show turnover intent. Satisfaction with supervision was the only facet significantly explaining turnover intent when controlling for age, education, years of nursing, and unit tenure (P <0.001).
Conclusion
Strategies aimed at improving job satisfaction and retention of primary health care nurses in rural South Africa should rely not only on financial rewards and improved work conditions, but also on adequate human resource management.