Macrophage activation and polarization : nomenclature and experimental guidelines

Peter J. Murray; Judith E Allen; Subhra K Biswas; Edward Fisher; Derek W Gilroy; Sergij Goerdt; Siamon Gordon; John A Hamilton; Lionel B Ivashkiv; Toby Lawrence; Massimo Locati; Alberto Mantovani; Fernando O Martinez; Jean-Louis Mege; David M Mosser; Gioacchino Natoli; Jeroen P Saeij; Joachim Schultze; Kari Ann Shirey; Antonio Sica; Jill Suttles; Irina Udalova; Jo Van Ginderachter; Stefanie N Vogel; Thomas A Wynn

Macrophage activation and polarization : nomenclature and experimental guidelines

Peter J. Murray, Judith E Allen, Subhra K Biswas, Edward Fisher, Derek W Gilroy, Sergij Goerdt, Siamon Gordon, John A Hamilton, Lionel B Ivashkiv, Toby Lawrence, Massimo Locati, Alberto Mantovani, Fernando O Martinez, Jean-Louis Mege, David M Mosser, Gioacchino Natoli, Jeroen P Saeij, Joachim Schultze, Kari Ann Shirey, Antonio SicaJill Suttles, Irina Udalova, Jo Van Ginderachter, Stefanie N Vogel, Thomas A Wynn

Department of Bio-engineering Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5020 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Description of macrophage activation is currently contentious and confusing. Like the biblical Tower of Babel, macrophage activation encompasses a panoply of descriptors used in different ways. The lack of consensus on how to define macrophage activation in experiments in vitro and in vivo impedes progress in multiple ways, including the fact that many researchers still consider there to be only two types of activated macrophages, often termed M1 and M2. Here, we describe a set of standards encompassing three principles-the source of macrophages, definition of the activators, and a consensus collection of markers to describe macrophage activation-with the goal of unifying experimental standards for diverse experimental scenarios. Collectively, we propose a common framework for macrophage-activation nomenclature.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	14-20
Number of pages	7
Journal	IMMUNITY
Volume	41
Publication status	Published - 17 Jul 2014

Keywords

Macrophage activation
nomenclature
experimental guidelines

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Murray, P. J., Allen, J. E., Biswas, S. K., Fisher, E., Gilroy, D. W., Goerdt, S., Gordon, S., Hamilton, J. A., Ivashkiv, L. B., Lawrence, T., Locati, M., Mantovani, A., Martinez, F. O., Mege, J.-L., Mosser, D. M., Natoli, G., Saeij, J. P., Schultze, J., Shirey, K. A., ... Wynn, T. A. (2014). Macrophage activation and polarization : nomenclature and experimental guidelines. IMMUNITY, 41, 14-20.

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title = "Macrophage activation and polarization : nomenclature and experimental guidelines",

abstract = "Description of macrophage activation is currently contentious and confusing. Like the biblical Tower of Babel, macrophage activation encompasses a panoply of descriptors used in different ways. The lack of consensus on how to define macrophage activation in experiments in vitro and in vivo impedes progress in multiple ways, including the fact that many researchers still consider there to be only two types of activated macrophages, often termed M1 and M2. Here, we describe a set of standards encompassing three principles-the source of macrophages, definition of the activators, and a consensus collection of markers to describe macrophage activation-with the goal of unifying experimental standards for diverse experimental scenarios. Collectively, we propose a common framework for macrophage-activation nomenclature.",

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year = "2014",

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Murray, PJ, Allen, JE, Biswas, SK, Fisher, E, Gilroy, DW, Goerdt, S, Gordon, S, Hamilton, JA, Ivashkiv, LB, Lawrence, T, Locati, M, Mantovani, A, Martinez, FO, Mege, J-L, Mosser, DM, Natoli, G, Saeij, JP, Schultze, J, Shirey, KA, Sica, A, Suttles, J, Udalova, I, Van Ginderachter, J, Vogel, SN & Wynn, TA 2014, 'Macrophage activation and polarization : nomenclature and experimental guidelines', IMMUNITY, vol. 41, pp. 14-20.

TY - JOUR

T1 - Macrophage activation and polarization : nomenclature and experimental guidelines

AU - Murray, Peter J.

AU - Allen, Judith E

AU - Biswas, Subhra K

AU - Fisher, Edward

AU - Gilroy, Derek W

AU - Goerdt, Sergij

AU - Gordon, Siamon

AU - Hamilton, John A

AU - Ivashkiv, Lionel B

AU - Lawrence, Toby

AU - Locati, Massimo

AU - Mantovani, Alberto

AU - Martinez, Fernando O

AU - Mege, Jean-Louis

AU - Mosser, David M

AU - Natoli, Gioacchino

AU - Saeij, Jeroen P

AU - Schultze, Joachim

AU - Shirey, Kari Ann

AU - Sica, Antonio

AU - Suttles, Jill

AU - Udalova, Irina

AU - Van Ginderachter, Jo

AU - Vogel, Stefanie N

AU - Wynn, Thomas A

PY - 2014/7/17

Y1 - 2014/7/17

N2 - Description of macrophage activation is currently contentious and confusing. Like the biblical Tower of Babel, macrophage activation encompasses a panoply of descriptors used in different ways. The lack of consensus on how to define macrophage activation in experiments in vitro and in vivo impedes progress in multiple ways, including the fact that many researchers still consider there to be only two types of activated macrophages, often termed M1 and M2. Here, we describe a set of standards encompassing three principles-the source of macrophages, definition of the activators, and a consensus collection of markers to describe macrophage activation-with the goal of unifying experimental standards for diverse experimental scenarios. Collectively, we propose a common framework for macrophage-activation nomenclature.

AB - Description of macrophage activation is currently contentious and confusing. Like the biblical Tower of Babel, macrophage activation encompasses a panoply of descriptors used in different ways. The lack of consensus on how to define macrophage activation in experiments in vitro and in vivo impedes progress in multiple ways, including the fact that many researchers still consider there to be only two types of activated macrophages, often termed M1 and M2. Here, we describe a set of standards encompassing three principles-the source of macrophages, definition of the activators, and a consensus collection of markers to describe macrophage activation-with the goal of unifying experimental standards for diverse experimental scenarios. Collectively, we propose a common framework for macrophage-activation nomenclature.

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VL - 41

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JO - IMMUNITY

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ER -

Macrophage activation and polarization : nomenclature and experimental guidelines

Abstract

Keywords

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