Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR

Junling Jin; Lars De Sloover; Jeffrey Verbeurgt; Cornelis Stal; Greet Deruyter; Anne-Lise Clémence Montreuil; Philippe De Maeyer; Alain De Wulf

doi:10.3390/rs12020209

Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR

Junling Jin, Lars De Sloover, Jeffrey Verbeurgt, Cornelis Stal, Greet Deruyter, Anne-Lise Clémence Montreuil, Philippe De Maeyer, Alain De Wulf

Department of Water and Climate

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17 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Surface moisture plays a key role in limiting the aeolian transport on sandy beaches. However, the existing measurement techniques cannot adequately characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the beach surface moisture. In this study, a mobile terrestrial LiDAR (MTL) is demonstrated as a promising method to detect the beach surface moisture using a phase-based Z&F/Leica HDS6100 laser scanner mounted on an all-terrain vehicle. Firstly, two sets of indoor calibration experiments were conducted so as to comprehensively investigate the effect of distance, incidence angle and sand moisture contents on the backscattered intensity by means of sand samples with an average grain diameter of 0.12 mm. A moisture estimation model was developed which eliminated the effects of the incidence angle and distance (it only relates to the target surface reflectance). The experimental results reveal both the distance and incidence angle influencing the backscattered intensity of the sand samples. The standard error of the moisture model amounts to 2.0% moisture, which is considerably lower than the results of the photographic method. Moreover, a field measurement was conducted using the MTL system on a sandy beach in Belgium. The accuracy and robustness of the beach surface moisture derived from the MTL data was evaluated. The results show that the MTL is a highly suitable technique to accurately and robustly measure the surface moisture variations on a sandy beach with an ultra-high spatial resolution (centimeter-level) in a short time span (12 × 200 m per minute).

Original language	English
Article number	209
Pages (from-to)	1-24
Number of pages	24
Journal	Remote Sensing
Volume	12
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020209
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council, grant number 201406410069. The MTL measurements were performed within the CREST Project (www.crest-project.be), funded by the Strategic Basic Research (SBO) programme of the 'Instituut voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie' (IWT), grant number 150028.

Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council, grant number 201406410069. The MTL measurements were performed within the CREST Project (www.crest-project.be), funded by the Strategic Basic Research (SBO) programme of the ‘Instituut voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie’ (IWT), grant number 150028.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors.

Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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Cite this

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title = "Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR",

abstract = "Surface moisture plays a key role in limiting the aeolian transport on sandy beaches. However, the existing measurement techniques cannot adequately characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the beach surface moisture. In this study, a mobile terrestrial LiDAR (MTL) is demonstrated as a promising method to detect the beach surface moisture using a phase-based Z&F/Leica HDS6100 laser scanner mounted on an all-terrain vehicle. Firstly, two sets of indoor calibration experiments were conducted so as to comprehensively investigate the effect of distance, incidence angle and sand moisture contents on the backscattered intensity by means of sand samples with an average grain diameter of 0.12 mm. A moisture estimation model was developed which eliminated the effects of the incidence angle and distance (it only relates to the target surface reflectance). The experimental results reveal both the distance and incidence angle influencing the backscattered intensity of the sand samples. The standard error of the moisture model amounts to 2.0% moisture, which is considerably lower than the results of the photographic method. Moreover, a field measurement was conducted using the MTL system on a sandy beach in Belgium. The accuracy and robustness of the beach surface moisture derived from the MTL data was evaluated. The results show that the MTL is a highly suitable technique to accurately and robustly measure the surface moisture variations on a sandy beach with an ultra-high spatial resolution (centimeter-level) in a short time span (12 × 200 m per minute).",

author = "Junling Jin and {De Sloover}, Lars and Jeffrey Verbeurgt and Cornelis Stal and Greet Deruyter and Montreuil, {Anne-Lise Cl{\'e}mence} and {De Maeyer}, Philippe and {De Wulf}, Alain",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council, grant number 201406410069. The MTL measurements were performed within the CREST Project (www.crest-project.be), funded by the Strategic Basic Research (SBO) programme of the 'Instituut voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie' (IWT), grant number 150028. Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council, grant number 201406410069. The MTL measurements were performed within the CREST Project (www.crest-project.be), funded by the Strategic Basic Research (SBO) programme of the {\textquoteleft}Instituut voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie{\textquoteright} (IWT), grant number 150028. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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doi = "10.3390/rs12020209",

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Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR. / Jin, Junling; De Sloover, Lars; Verbeurgt, Jeffrey; Stal, Cornelis; Deruyter, Greet; Montreuil, Anne-Lise Clémence; De Maeyer, Philippe; De Wulf, Alain.

In: Remote Sensing, Vol. 12, No. 2, 209, 01.01.2020, p. 1-24.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

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AU - Jin, Junling

AU - De Sloover, Lars

AU - Verbeurgt, Jeffrey

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AU - Deruyter, Greet

AU - Montreuil, Anne-Lise Clémence

AU - De Maeyer, Philippe

AU - De Wulf, Alain

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council, grant number 201406410069. The MTL measurements were performed within the CREST Project (www.crest-project.be), funded by the Strategic Basic Research (SBO) programme of the 'Instituut voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie' (IWT), grant number 150028. Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council, grant number 201406410069. The MTL measurements were performed within the CREST Project (www.crest-project.be), funded by the Strategic Basic Research (SBO) programme of the ‘Instituut voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie’ (IWT), grant number 150028. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2020/1/1

Y1 - 2020/1/1

N2 - Surface moisture plays a key role in limiting the aeolian transport on sandy beaches. However, the existing measurement techniques cannot adequately characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the beach surface moisture. In this study, a mobile terrestrial LiDAR (MTL) is demonstrated as a promising method to detect the beach surface moisture using a phase-based Z&F/Leica HDS6100 laser scanner mounted on an all-terrain vehicle. Firstly, two sets of indoor calibration experiments were conducted so as to comprehensively investigate the effect of distance, incidence angle and sand moisture contents on the backscattered intensity by means of sand samples with an average grain diameter of 0.12 mm. A moisture estimation model was developed which eliminated the effects of the incidence angle and distance (it only relates to the target surface reflectance). The experimental results reveal both the distance and incidence angle influencing the backscattered intensity of the sand samples. The standard error of the moisture model amounts to 2.0% moisture, which is considerably lower than the results of the photographic method. Moreover, a field measurement was conducted using the MTL system on a sandy beach in Belgium. The accuracy and robustness of the beach surface moisture derived from the MTL data was evaluated. The results show that the MTL is a highly suitable technique to accurately and robustly measure the surface moisture variations on a sandy beach with an ultra-high spatial resolution (centimeter-level) in a short time span (12 × 200 m per minute).

AB - Surface moisture plays a key role in limiting the aeolian transport on sandy beaches. However, the existing measurement techniques cannot adequately characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the beach surface moisture. In this study, a mobile terrestrial LiDAR (MTL) is demonstrated as a promising method to detect the beach surface moisture using a phase-based Z&F/Leica HDS6100 laser scanner mounted on an all-terrain vehicle. Firstly, two sets of indoor calibration experiments were conducted so as to comprehensively investigate the effect of distance, incidence angle and sand moisture contents on the backscattered intensity by means of sand samples with an average grain diameter of 0.12 mm. A moisture estimation model was developed which eliminated the effects of the incidence angle and distance (it only relates to the target surface reflectance). The experimental results reveal both the distance and incidence angle influencing the backscattered intensity of the sand samples. The standard error of the moisture model amounts to 2.0% moisture, which is considerably lower than the results of the photographic method. Moreover, a field measurement was conducted using the MTL system on a sandy beach in Belgium. The accuracy and robustness of the beach surface moisture derived from the MTL data was evaluated. The results show that the MTL is a highly suitable technique to accurately and robustly measure the surface moisture variations on a sandy beach with an ultra-high spatial resolution (centimeter-level) in a short time span (12 × 200 m per minute).

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Measuring Surface Moisture on a Sandy Beach based on Corrected Intensity Data of a Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR

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