Monte-carlo simulation of the effective lunar aperture for detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos with LOFAR

Godwin Komla Krampah; Stijn Buitink; Arthur Corstanje; Mitja Desmet; Tim Huege; Hershal Pandya; Justin D. Bray; H. Falcke; Brian M. Hare; V. B. Jhansi; N. Karastathis; K. Mulrey; Jörg Hörandel; Pragati Mitra; Anna Nelles; Olaf Scholten; S.  ter Veen; S. Thoudam; Tobias Winchen

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12348-3

Monte-carlo simulation of the effective lunar aperture for detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos with LOFAR

Godwin Komla Krampah, Stijn Buitink, Arthur Corstanje, Mitja Desmet, Tim Huege, Hershal Pandya, Justin D. Bray, H. Falcke, Brian M. Hare, V. B. Jhansi, N. Karastathis, K. Mulrey, Jörg Hörandel , Pragati Mitra, Anna Nelles, Olaf Scholten, S. ter Veen, S. Thoudam, Tobias Winchen

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Abstract

Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos interacting with the Moon’s regolith generate particle showers that
emit Askaryan radiation. This radiation can be observed from
the Earth using ground-based radio telescopes like LOFAR.
We simulate the effective detection aperture for UHE neutrinos hitting the Moon. Under the same assumptions, results
from this work are in good agreement with previous analytic
parameterizations and Monte Carlo codes. The dependence
of the effective detection aperture on the observing parameters, such as observing frequency and minimum detection
threshold, and lunar characteristics like surface topography
have been studied. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we find
that the detectable neutrino energy threshold is lowered when
we include a realistic treatment of the inelasticity, transmission coefficient, and surface roughness. Lunar surface roughness at large scales enhances the total aperture for higher
observation frequencies (ν ≥ 1 GHz) but has no significant
effect on the LOFAR aperture. However, roughness at scales
small compared to the wavelength reduces the aperture at all
frequencies.

Original language	English
Article number	1146
Number of pages	20
Journal	European Physical Journal C - Particles & Fields
Volume	83
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12348-3
Publication status	Published - 18 Dec 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No 640130). BMH is supported by ERC Grant agreement No. 101041097; AN and KT acknowledge the Verbundforschung of the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). NK acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Projektnummer 445154105. MD is supported by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO-AL991). ST acknowledges funding from the Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence (AARE19-224). LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON, has facilities in several countries that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope foundation under a joint scientific policy.

Funding Information:
The project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No 640130). BMH is supported by ERC Grant agreement No. 101041097; AN and KT acknowledge the Verbundforschung of the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). NK acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Projektnummer 445154105. MD is supported by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO-AL991). ST acknowledges funding from the Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence (AARE19-224). LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON, has facilities in several countries that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope foundation under a joint scientific policy.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).

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s10052-023-12348-3Final published version, 2.77 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Krampah, G. K., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Desmet, M., Huege, T., Pandya, H., Bray, J. D., Falcke, H., Hare, B. M., Jhansi, V. B., Karastathis, N., Mulrey, K., Hörandel , J., Mitra, P., Nelles, A., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., & Winchen, T. (2023). Monte-carlo simulation of the effective lunar aperture for detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos with LOFAR. European Physical Journal C - Particles & Fields, 83(12), Article 1146. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12348-3

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title = "Monte-carlo simulation of the effective lunar aperture for detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos with LOFAR",

abstract = "Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos interacting with the Moon{\textquoteright}s regolith generate particle showers thatemit Askaryan radiation. This radiation can be observed fromthe Earth using ground-based radio telescopes like LOFAR.We simulate the effective detection aperture for UHE neutrinos hitting the Moon. Under the same assumptions, resultsfrom this work are in good agreement with previous analyticparameterizations and Monte Carlo codes. The dependenceof the effective detection aperture on the observing parameters, such as observing frequency and minimum detectionthreshold, and lunar characteristics like surface topographyhave been studied. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we findthat the detectable neutrino energy threshold is lowered whenwe include a realistic treatment of the inelasticity, transmission coefficient, and surface roughness. Lunar surface roughness at large scales enhances the total aperture for higherobservation frequencies (ν ≥ 1 GHz) but has no significanteffect on the LOFAR aperture. However, roughness at scalessmall compared to the wavelength reduces the aperture at allfrequencies.",

author = "Krampah, {Godwin Komla} and Stijn Buitink and Arthur Corstanje and Mitja Desmet and Tim Huege and Hershal Pandya and Bray, {Justin D.} and H. Falcke and Hare, {Brian M.} and Jhansi, {V. B.} and N. Karastathis and K. Mulrey and J{\"o}rg H{\"o}randel and Pragati Mitra and Anna Nelles and Olaf Scholten and {ter Veen}, S. and S. Thoudam and Tobias Winchen",

note = "Funding Information: The project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No 640130). BMH is supported by ERC Grant agreement No. 101041097; AN and KT acknowledge the Verbundforschung of the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). NK acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Projektnummer 445154105. MD is supported by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO-AL991). ST acknowledges funding from the Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence (AARE19-224). LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON, has facilities in several countries that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope foundation under a joint scientific policy. Funding Information: The project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No 640130). BMH is supported by ERC Grant agreement No. 101041097; AN and KT acknowledge the Verbundforschung of the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). NK acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Projektnummer 445154105. MD is supported by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO-AL991). ST acknowledges funding from the Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence (AARE19-224). LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON, has facilities in several countries that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope foundation under a joint scientific policy. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s).",

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doi = "10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12348-3",

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Krampah, GK , Buitink, S , Corstanje, A , Desmet, M , Huege, T, Pandya, H, Bray, JD, Falcke, H, Hare, BM, Jhansi, VB, Karastathis, N, Mulrey, K, Hörandel , J, Mitra, P, Nelles, A, Scholten, O, ter Veen, S, Thoudam, S & Winchen, T 2023, 'Monte-carlo simulation of the effective lunar aperture for detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos with LOFAR', European Physical Journal C - Particles & Fields, vol. 83, no. 12, 1146. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12348-3

TY - JOUR

T1 - Monte-carlo simulation of the effective lunar aperture for detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos with LOFAR

AU - Krampah, Godwin Komla

AU - Buitink, Stijn

AU - Corstanje, Arthur

AU - Desmet, Mitja

AU - Huege, Tim

AU - Pandya, Hershal

AU - Bray, Justin D.

AU - Falcke, H.

AU - Hare, Brian M.

AU - Jhansi, V. B.

AU - Karastathis, N.

AU - Mulrey, K.

AU - Hörandel , Jörg

AU - Mitra, Pragati

AU - Nelles, Anna

AU - Scholten, Olaf

AU - ter Veen, S.

AU - Thoudam, S.

AU - Winchen, Tobias

N1 - Funding Information: The project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No 640130). BMH is supported by ERC Grant agreement No. 101041097; AN and KT acknowledge the Verbundforschung of the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). NK acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Projektnummer 445154105. MD is supported by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO-AL991). ST acknowledges funding from the Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence (AARE19-224). LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON, has facilities in several countries that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope foundation under a joint scientific policy. Funding Information: The project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No 640130). BMH is supported by ERC Grant agreement No. 101041097; AN and KT acknowledge the Verbundforschung of the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). NK acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Projektnummer 445154105. MD is supported by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO-AL991). ST acknowledges funding from the Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence (AARE19-224). LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON, has facilities in several countries that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope foundation under a joint scientific policy. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).

PY - 2023/12/18

Y1 - 2023/12/18

N2 - Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos interacting with the Moon’s regolith generate particle showers thatemit Askaryan radiation. This radiation can be observed fromthe Earth using ground-based radio telescopes like LOFAR.We simulate the effective detection aperture for UHE neutrinos hitting the Moon. Under the same assumptions, resultsfrom this work are in good agreement with previous analyticparameterizations and Monte Carlo codes. The dependenceof the effective detection aperture on the observing parameters, such as observing frequency and minimum detectionthreshold, and lunar characteristics like surface topographyhave been studied. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we findthat the detectable neutrino energy threshold is lowered whenwe include a realistic treatment of the inelasticity, transmission coefficient, and surface roughness. Lunar surface roughness at large scales enhances the total aperture for higherobservation frequencies (ν ≥ 1 GHz) but has no significanteffect on the LOFAR aperture. However, roughness at scalessmall compared to the wavelength reduces the aperture at allfrequencies.

AB - Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos interacting with the Moon’s regolith generate particle showers thatemit Askaryan radiation. This radiation can be observed fromthe Earth using ground-based radio telescopes like LOFAR.We simulate the effective detection aperture for UHE neutrinos hitting the Moon. Under the same assumptions, resultsfrom this work are in good agreement with previous analyticparameterizations and Monte Carlo codes. The dependenceof the effective detection aperture on the observing parameters, such as observing frequency and minimum detectionthreshold, and lunar characteristics like surface topographyhave been studied. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we findthat the detectable neutrino energy threshold is lowered whenwe include a realistic treatment of the inelasticity, transmission coefficient, and surface roughness. Lunar surface roughness at large scales enhances the total aperture for higherobservation frequencies (ν ≥ 1 GHz) but has no significanteffect on the LOFAR aperture. However, roughness at scalessmall compared to the wavelength reduces the aperture at allfrequencies.

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DO - 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12348-3

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SN - 1434-6044

VL - 83

JO - European Physical Journal C - Particles & Fields

JF - European Physical Journal C - Particles & Fields

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M1 - 1146

ER -

Monte-carlo simulation of the effective lunar aperture for detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos with LOFAR

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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SRP72: SRP-Onderzoekszwaartepunt: High-energy physics (HEP@VUB).

FWOAL991: Future of Hyperdense Radio Arrays for Cosmic Ray Detection

FWOAL944: The impact of non-linear wave propagation on the observation of cosmic neutrinos

Cite this

Monte-carlo simulation of the effective lunar aperture for detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos with LOFAR

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

SRP72: SRP-Onderzoekszwaartepunt: High-energy physics (HEP@VUB).

FWOAL991: Future of Hyperdense Radio Arrays for Cosmic Ray Detection

FWOAL944: The impact of non-linear wave propagation on the observation of cosmic neutrinos

Cite this