Motor Competence in Individuals with Down Syndrome: Is an Improvement Still Possible in Adulthood?

Federico Quinzi; Giuseppe Vannozzi; Valentina Camomilla; Maria Francesca Piacentini; Florin Boca; Eric Bortels; Eva Kathrein; Adrian Magyar; Fabio Verdone; Paola Sbriccoli

doi:10.3390/ijerph19042157

Motor Competence in Individuals with Down Syndrome: Is an Improvement Still Possible in Adulthood?

Federico Quinzi, Giuseppe Vannozzi, Valentina Camomilla, Maria Francesca Piacentini, Florin Boca, Eric Bortels, Eva Kathrein, Adrian Magyar, Fabio Verdone, Paola Sbriccoli

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Abstract

In children, motor competence (MC) and the amount of physical activity are tightly interconnected. In adults with Down syndrome (DS), MC has been poorly addressed, resulting in a limited understanding of the possibility to improve MC over time. Here, we aim to: (1) investigate MC in adults with DS by comparing them with a group of typically developed peers and (2) verify the effect of an adapted karate program on MC. Adults with DS (DSG; n = 57) and typically developed adults (TDG; n = 21) performed the Test of Gross Motor Development version 3 (TGMD-3). The total TGMD-3 score (TOTTGMD-3), the locomotor (LOCTGMD-3), and object control (OBJTGMD-3) scores were computed. After a 40 week adapted karate program, DSG (n = 37) underwent the post-training TGMD-3 assessment. Compared to TDG, DSG showed lower TOTTGMD-3 (DSG: 45.5 ± 17.3; TDG: 77.3 ± 9.5), LOCTGMD-3 (DSG: 22.2 ± 10.0; TDG: 36.2 ± 7.6) and OBJTGMD-3 (DSG: 23.3 ± 10.9; TDG: 41.1 ± 5.6). After the training, TOTTGMD-3, LOCTGMD-3 and OBJTGMD-3 increased by 35.6%, 30.0% and 40.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that MC acquisition does not evolve into a mature form in adulthood in individuals with DS. Moreover, a brief exposure to an adapted karate program induces an increase in motor competence in DS, even in adulthood.

Original language	English
Article number	2157
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume	19
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042157
Publication status	Published - 14 Feb 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was performed in the framework of the “Inclusive Karate: a new perspective to decrease sedentary lifestyle and increase self-confidence in Down Syndrome-IKONS” project that was co-funded by the Erasmus Plus Program of the European Union (G.A. 2018-2512). The European Commission support for the production of this article does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which only reflects the views of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held re-sponsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Copyright:
Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Adaptation, Physiological
Adult
Child
Down Syndrome
Humans
Motor Skills

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10.3390/ijerph19042157

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Quinzi, F., Vannozzi, G., Camomilla, V., Piacentini, M. F., Boca, F., Bortels, E., Kathrein, E., Magyar, A., Verdone, F., & Sbriccoli, P. (2022). Motor Competence in Individuals with Down Syndrome: Is an Improvement Still Possible in Adulthood? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), Article 2157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042157

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title = "Motor Competence in Individuals with Down Syndrome: Is an Improvement Still Possible in Adulthood?",

abstract = "In children, motor competence (MC) and the amount of physical activity are tightly interconnected. In adults with Down syndrome (DS), MC has been poorly addressed, resulting in a limited understanding of the possibility to improve MC over time. Here, we aim to: (1) investigate MC in adults with DS by comparing them with a group of typically developed peers and (2) verify the effect of an adapted karate program on MC. Adults with DS (DSG; n = 57) and typically developed adults (TDG; n = 21) performed the Test of Gross Motor Development version 3 (TGMD-3). The total TGMD-3 score (TOTTGMD-3), the locomotor (LOCTGMD-3), and object control (OBJTGMD-3) scores were computed. After a 40 week adapted karate program, DSG (n = 37) underwent the post-training TGMD-3 assessment. Compared to TDG, DSG showed lower TOTTGMD-3 (DSG: 45.5 ± 17.3; TDG: 77.3 ± 9.5), LOCTGMD-3 (DSG: 22.2 ± 10.0; TDG: 36.2 ± 7.6) and OBJTGMD-3 (DSG: 23.3 ± 10.9; TDG: 41.1 ± 5.6). After the training, TOTTGMD-3, LOCTGMD-3 and OBJTGMD-3 increased by 35.6%, 30.0% and 40.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that MC acquisition does not evolve into a mature form in adulthood in individuals with DS. Moreover, a brief exposure to an adapted karate program induces an increase in motor competence in DS, even in adulthood.",

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note = "Funding Information: This work was performed in the framework of the “Inclusive Karate: a new perspective to decrease sedentary lifestyle and increase self-confidence in Down Syndrome-IKONS” project that was co-funded by the Erasmus Plus Program of the European Union (G.A. 2018-2512). The European Commission support for the production of this article does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which only reflects the views of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held re-sponsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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AU - Quinzi, Federico

AU - Vannozzi, Giuseppe

AU - Camomilla, Valentina

AU - Piacentini, Maria Francesca

AU - Boca, Florin

AU - Bortels, Eric

AU - Kathrein, Eva

AU - Magyar, Adrian

AU - Verdone, Fabio

AU - Sbriccoli, Paola

N1 - Funding Information: This work was performed in the framework of the “Inclusive Karate: a new perspective to decrease sedentary lifestyle and increase self-confidence in Down Syndrome-IKONS” project that was co-funded by the Erasmus Plus Program of the European Union (G.A. 2018-2512). The European Commission support for the production of this article does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which only reflects the views of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held re-sponsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2022/2/14

Y1 - 2022/2/14

N2 - In children, motor competence (MC) and the amount of physical activity are tightly interconnected. In adults with Down syndrome (DS), MC has been poorly addressed, resulting in a limited understanding of the possibility to improve MC over time. Here, we aim to: (1) investigate MC in adults with DS by comparing them with a group of typically developed peers and (2) verify the effect of an adapted karate program on MC. Adults with DS (DSG; n = 57) and typically developed adults (TDG; n = 21) performed the Test of Gross Motor Development version 3 (TGMD-3). The total TGMD-3 score (TOTTGMD-3), the locomotor (LOCTGMD-3), and object control (OBJTGMD-3) scores were computed. After a 40 week adapted karate program, DSG (n = 37) underwent the post-training TGMD-3 assessment. Compared to TDG, DSG showed lower TOTTGMD-3 (DSG: 45.5 ± 17.3; TDG: 77.3 ± 9.5), LOCTGMD-3 (DSG: 22.2 ± 10.0; TDG: 36.2 ± 7.6) and OBJTGMD-3 (DSG: 23.3 ± 10.9; TDG: 41.1 ± 5.6). After the training, TOTTGMD-3, LOCTGMD-3 and OBJTGMD-3 increased by 35.6%, 30.0% and 40.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that MC acquisition does not evolve into a mature form in adulthood in individuals with DS. Moreover, a brief exposure to an adapted karate program induces an increase in motor competence in DS, even in adulthood.

AB - In children, motor competence (MC) and the amount of physical activity are tightly interconnected. In adults with Down syndrome (DS), MC has been poorly addressed, resulting in a limited understanding of the possibility to improve MC over time. Here, we aim to: (1) investigate MC in adults with DS by comparing them with a group of typically developed peers and (2) verify the effect of an adapted karate program on MC. Adults with DS (DSG; n = 57) and typically developed adults (TDG; n = 21) performed the Test of Gross Motor Development version 3 (TGMD-3). The total TGMD-3 score (TOTTGMD-3), the locomotor (LOCTGMD-3), and object control (OBJTGMD-3) scores were computed. After a 40 week adapted karate program, DSG (n = 37) underwent the post-training TGMD-3 assessment. Compared to TDG, DSG showed lower TOTTGMD-3 (DSG: 45.5 ± 17.3; TDG: 77.3 ± 9.5), LOCTGMD-3 (DSG: 22.2 ± 10.0; TDG: 36.2 ± 7.6) and OBJTGMD-3 (DSG: 23.3 ± 10.9; TDG: 41.1 ± 5.6). After the training, TOTTGMD-3, LOCTGMD-3 and OBJTGMD-3 increased by 35.6%, 30.0% and 40.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that MC acquisition does not evolve into a mature form in adulthood in individuals with DS. Moreover, a brief exposure to an adapted karate program induces an increase in motor competence in DS, even in adulthood.

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Motor Competence in Individuals with Down Syndrome: Is an Improvement Still Possible in Adulthood?

Abstract

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Keywords

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