Recommendations for lighting studies on insects: methodological considerations and best practices

Many studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of (LED) lighting on nocturnal insects. However, most studies report on different lighting metrics, thus comparing study results becomes challenging. This paper highlights some concepts from a lighting perspective to guide (ecology) researchers to perform studies on nocturnal insects, and report on lighting metrics so that comparison becomes possible. Finally, future work is highlighted to aim towards a measurement protocol and guidelines on a minimum on variables to report on. With an interdisciplinary approach, this work adds to a standardised framework.