The transformation of the Roman army during the second century BC

In the second century BC the Romans enrolled ever poorer citizens into the Roman legions. The traditional views seek the explanation in various forms of decline. However, the economic growth that characterized much of Italy in the same period may explain at least part of the development. Improved employment and marketing opportunities meant that the attitude of the propertied citizens toward service changed. Members of the fifth class, who had previously served as light-armed soldiers, and proletarians (capite censi) filled their place in the legions.