To Balance of Not to Balance: A Fresh Look at the Logic of Balancing

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Abstract

The balance of power (BoP) constitutes one of the most fundamental concepts in the theory and practice of international relations. However, its interpretation and empirical validity remain a topic of hot debate, the absence of sound theoretical foundations complicating the debate. To overcome this hurdle, we take a fresh look at the logic of balancing and create a “baseline” framework that (1) specifies the conditions under which the balance of power mechanism is active under anarchy and (2) offers more specific insights into the modalities of internal and external balancing and systemic outcomes than existing frameworks. As such, our model constitutes a significant revision and extension of Waltz’s seminal neorealist BoP theory, restating and refining many of the latter’s assumptions and propositions. As a result, our analysis clarifies several critical debates among IR scholars about what constitutes evidence for and against the validity of BoP theory throughout history and when it applies. Finally, we explain why the BoP concept is not a mere artifact of the past but remains crucial for understanding contemporary international politics.
Original languageEnglish
Number of pages31
JournalInternational Studies Review
Publication statusSubmitted - 10 Dec 2023

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