Validation of the FFM PD count technique for screening personality pathology in later middle-aged and older adults

Research on the applicability of the five factor model (FFM) to capture personality pathology coincided with the
development of a FFM personality disorder (PD) count technique, which has been validated in adolescent,
young, and middle-aged samples. This study extends the literature by validating this technique in an older
sample. Five alternative FFM PD counts based upon the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) are
computed and evaluated in terms of both convergent and divergent validity with the Assessment of DSM-IV
Personality Disorders Questionnaire (shortly ADP-IV; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders - Fourth edition). For the best working count for each PD normative data are presented, from which
cut-off scores are derived. The validity of these cut-offs and their usefulness as a screening tool is tested against
both a categorical (i.e., the DSM-IV - Text Revision), and a dimensional (i.e., the Dimensional Assessment of
Personality Pathology; DAPP) measure of personality pathology. All but the Antisocial and Obsessive-
Compulsive counts exhibited adequate convergent and divergent validity, supporting the use of this method in
older adults. Using the ADP-IV and the DAPP - Short Form as validation criteria, results corroborate the use of
the FFM PD count technique to screen for PDs in older adults, in particular for the Paranoid, Borderline,
Histrionic, Avoidant, and Dependent PDs. Given the age-neutrality of the NEO PI-R and the considerable lack
of valid personality assessment tools, current findings appear to be promising for the assessment of pathology in
older adults.