Volcano growth versus deformation by strike-slip faults: Morphometric characterization through analogue modelling

Pablo Grosse; Sam Poppe; Audray Delcamp; Benjamin van Wyk de Vries; Matthieu Kervyn

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228411

Volcano growth versus deformation by strike-slip faults: Morphometric characterization through analogue modelling

Pablo Grosse, Sam Poppe, Audray Delcamp, Benjamin van Wyk de Vries, Matthieu Kervyn

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Volcanoes display diverse morphologies as a result of the complex interplay of several constructive and destructive processes. Scaled analogue models offer a tool to isolate and characterize the different processes. Here, we investigate the interplay between volcano growth and deformation caused by an underlying strike-slip fault through simple analogue models. In particular, we analyze the morphometry of analogue volcanoes resulting from different growth-to-deformation ratios. Deformation elongates the volcano edifice at an angle of 10–45° from the fault trace along the extensional quadrants and generates a summit graben structure oriented perpendicular to the edifice elongation. The overall steepness of the edifice decreases, but steep slopes are preserved or increased on the lower compressional flanks, commonly related to small avalanches. Growth can partially to totally mask these features depending on the growth rate to strike-slip velocity ratio. The summit graben is easily masked even by low growth rates, whereas edifice elongation has the best preservation potential. Scaling of the experiments suggests that at volcanoes with growth rate (km³/yr) to strike-slip velocity (km/yr) ratios ≤3.8 km³/km, deformation features should be clearly preserved, whereas at volcanoes with ratios ≥15 km³/km, deformation features should be completely masked. The typical growth rates of volcanoes (0.01 to 1 km³/ka) and the typical velocities of strike-slip faults (1 to 20 mm/yr) suggest that in nature, growth rate to strike-slip velocity ratios can range over 3 orders of magnitude, spanning both types of end-members. Using examples of both active and inactive volcanoes located on strike-slip faults with variable elongation intensities and orientations, we highlight that the analogue models account for some of the morphometric variability observed at volcanoes in nature, although the role of vent distribution can be a key factor.

Original language	English
Article number	228411
Journal	Tectonophysics
Volume	781
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228411
Publication status	Published - 20 Apr 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The lab work was made possible by a Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) non-EU research fellowship grant awarded to PG at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel ( VUB ). Olivier Galland is thanked for help in developing the stereo-photogrammetric setup at VUB and for his invaluable assistance with the MICMAC software. Luc Deriemaker is thanked for developing the experimental setup. PG is funded by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina) and by Fundación Miguel Lillo (Argentina). SP acknowledges funding from an FWO -Flanders Aspirant grant and a grant from the Belgian foundation Vocatio . The DEMs of the experiments and the derived morphometric data are available in the open access data publication Grosse et al. (2020; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3710188) . We thank Karoly Nemeth and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews.

Funding Information:
The lab work was made possible by a Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) non-EU research fellowship grant awarded to PG at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). Olivier Galland is thanked for help in developing the stereo-photogrammetric setup at VUB and for his invaluable assistance with the MICMAC software. Luc Deriemaker is thanked for developing the experimental setup. PG is funded by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient?ficas y T?cnicas, Argentina) and by Fundaci?n Miguel Lillo (Argentina). SP acknowledges funding from an FWO-Flanders Aspirant grant and a grant from the Belgian foundation Vocatio. The DEMs of the experiments and the derived morphometric data are available in the open access data publication Grosse et al. (2020; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3710188). We thank Karoly Nemeth and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Analogue model
Strike-slip fault
Tectonic deformation
Volcano growth
Volcano morphometry

Access to Document

10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228411

Cite this

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title = "Volcano growth versus deformation by strike-slip faults: Morphometric characterization through analogue modelling",

abstract = "Volcanoes display diverse morphologies as a result of the complex interplay of several constructive and destructive processes. Scaled analogue models offer a tool to isolate and characterize the different processes. Here, we investigate the interplay between volcano growth and deformation caused by an underlying strike-slip fault through simple analogue models. In particular, we analyze the morphometry of analogue volcanoes resulting from different growth-to-deformation ratios. Deformation elongates the volcano edifice at an angle of 10–45° from the fault trace along the extensional quadrants and generates a summit graben structure oriented perpendicular to the edifice elongation. The overall steepness of the edifice decreases, but steep slopes are preserved or increased on the lower compressional flanks, commonly related to small avalanches. Growth can partially to totally mask these features depending on the growth rate to strike-slip velocity ratio. The summit graben is easily masked even by low growth rates, whereas edifice elongation has the best preservation potential. Scaling of the experiments suggests that at volcanoes with growth rate (km3/yr) to strike-slip velocity (km/yr) ratios ≤3.8 km3/km, deformation features should be clearly preserved, whereas at volcanoes with ratios ≥15 km3/km, deformation features should be completely masked. The typical growth rates of volcanoes (0.01 to 1 km3/ka) and the typical velocities of strike-slip faults (1 to 20 mm/yr) suggest that in nature, growth rate to strike-slip velocity ratios can range over 3 orders of magnitude, spanning both types of end-members. Using examples of both active and inactive volcanoes located on strike-slip faults with variable elongation intensities and orientations, we highlight that the analogue models account for some of the morphometric variability observed at volcanoes in nature, although the role of vent distribution can be a key factor.",

keywords = "Analogue model, Strike-slip fault, Tectonic deformation, Volcano growth, Volcano morphometry",

author = "Pablo Grosse and Sam Poppe and Audray Delcamp and {van Wyk de Vries}, Benjamin and Matthieu Kervyn",

note = "Funding Information: The lab work was made possible by a Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) non-EU research fellowship grant awarded to PG at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel ( VUB ). Olivier Galland is thanked for help in developing the stereo-photogrammetric setup at VUB and for his invaluable assistance with the MICMAC software. Luc Deriemaker is thanked for developing the experimental setup. PG is funded by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient{\'i}ficas y T{\'e}cnicas, Argentina) and by Fundaci{\'o}n Miguel Lillo (Argentina). SP acknowledges funding from an FWO -Flanders Aspirant grant and a grant from the Belgian foundation Vocatio . The DEMs of the experiments and the derived morphometric data are available in the open access data publication Grosse et al. (2020; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3710188) . We thank Karoly Nemeth and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews. Funding Information: The lab work was made possible by a Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) non-EU research fellowship grant awarded to PG at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). Olivier Galland is thanked for help in developing the stereo-photogrammetric setup at VUB and for his invaluable assistance with the MICMAC software. Luc Deriemaker is thanked for developing the experimental setup. PG is funded by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient?ficas y T?cnicas, Argentina) and by Fundaci?n Miguel Lillo (Argentina). SP acknowledges funding from an FWO-Flanders Aspirant grant and a grant from the Belgian foundation Vocatio. The DEMs of the experiments and the derived morphometric data are available in the open access data publication Grosse et al. (2020; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3710188). We thank Karoly Nemeth and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228411",

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N1 - Funding Information: The lab work was made possible by a Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) non-EU research fellowship grant awarded to PG at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel ( VUB ). Olivier Galland is thanked for help in developing the stereo-photogrammetric setup at VUB and for his invaluable assistance with the MICMAC software. Luc Deriemaker is thanked for developing the experimental setup. PG is funded by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina) and by Fundación Miguel Lillo (Argentina). SP acknowledges funding from an FWO -Flanders Aspirant grant and a grant from the Belgian foundation Vocatio . The DEMs of the experiments and the derived morphometric data are available in the open access data publication Grosse et al. (2020; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3710188) . We thank Karoly Nemeth and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews. Funding Information: The lab work was made possible by a Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) non-EU research fellowship grant awarded to PG at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). Olivier Galland is thanked for help in developing the stereo-photogrammetric setup at VUB and for his invaluable assistance with the MICMAC software. Luc Deriemaker is thanked for developing the experimental setup. PG is funded by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient?ficas y T?cnicas, Argentina) and by Fundaci?n Miguel Lillo (Argentina). SP acknowledges funding from an FWO-Flanders Aspirant grant and a grant from the Belgian foundation Vocatio. The DEMs of the experiments and the derived morphometric data are available in the open access data publication Grosse et al. (2020; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3710188). We thank Karoly Nemeth and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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N2 - Volcanoes display diverse morphologies as a result of the complex interplay of several constructive and destructive processes. Scaled analogue models offer a tool to isolate and characterize the different processes. Here, we investigate the interplay between volcano growth and deformation caused by an underlying strike-slip fault through simple analogue models. In particular, we analyze the morphometry of analogue volcanoes resulting from different growth-to-deformation ratios. Deformation elongates the volcano edifice at an angle of 10–45° from the fault trace along the extensional quadrants and generates a summit graben structure oriented perpendicular to the edifice elongation. The overall steepness of the edifice decreases, but steep slopes are preserved or increased on the lower compressional flanks, commonly related to small avalanches. Growth can partially to totally mask these features depending on the growth rate to strike-slip velocity ratio. The summit graben is easily masked even by low growth rates, whereas edifice elongation has the best preservation potential. Scaling of the experiments suggests that at volcanoes with growth rate (km3/yr) to strike-slip velocity (km/yr) ratios ≤3.8 km3/km, deformation features should be clearly preserved, whereas at volcanoes with ratios ≥15 km3/km, deformation features should be completely masked. The typical growth rates of volcanoes (0.01 to 1 km3/ka) and the typical velocities of strike-slip faults (1 to 20 mm/yr) suggest that in nature, growth rate to strike-slip velocity ratios can range over 3 orders of magnitude, spanning both types of end-members. Using examples of both active and inactive volcanoes located on strike-slip faults with variable elongation intensities and orientations, we highlight that the analogue models account for some of the morphometric variability observed at volcanoes in nature, although the role of vent distribution can be a key factor.

AB - Volcanoes display diverse morphologies as a result of the complex interplay of several constructive and destructive processes. Scaled analogue models offer a tool to isolate and characterize the different processes. Here, we investigate the interplay between volcano growth and deformation caused by an underlying strike-slip fault through simple analogue models. In particular, we analyze the morphometry of analogue volcanoes resulting from different growth-to-deformation ratios. Deformation elongates the volcano edifice at an angle of 10–45° from the fault trace along the extensional quadrants and generates a summit graben structure oriented perpendicular to the edifice elongation. The overall steepness of the edifice decreases, but steep slopes are preserved or increased on the lower compressional flanks, commonly related to small avalanches. Growth can partially to totally mask these features depending on the growth rate to strike-slip velocity ratio. The summit graben is easily masked even by low growth rates, whereas edifice elongation has the best preservation potential. Scaling of the experiments suggests that at volcanoes with growth rate (km3/yr) to strike-slip velocity (km/yr) ratios ≤3.8 km3/km, deformation features should be clearly preserved, whereas at volcanoes with ratios ≥15 km3/km, deformation features should be completely masked. The typical growth rates of volcanoes (0.01 to 1 km3/ka) and the typical velocities of strike-slip faults (1 to 20 mm/yr) suggest that in nature, growth rate to strike-slip velocity ratios can range over 3 orders of magnitude, spanning both types of end-members. Using examples of both active and inactive volcanoes located on strike-slip faults with variable elongation intensities and orientations, we highlight that the analogue models account for some of the morphometric variability observed at volcanoes in nature, although the role of vent distribution can be a key factor.

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Volcano growth versus deformation by strike-slip faults: Morphometric characterization through analogue modelling

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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Volcano growth versus deformation by strike-slip faults: Morphometric characterization through analogue modelling

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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Fingerprint

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Data set to ''Volcano growth versus deformation by strike-slip faults: morphometric characterization through analogue modelling'

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