3D Breast Scanning in Plastic Surgery Utilizing Free iPhone LiDAR Application: Evaluation, Potential, and Limitations

Ioannis Kyriazidis; Juan Enrique Berner; Karl Waked; Moustapha Hamdi

doi:10.1093/asj/sjae251

3D Breast Scanning in Plastic Surgery Utilizing Free iPhone LiDAR Application: Evaluation, Potential, and Limitations

Ioannis Kyriazidis, Juan Enrique Berner, Karl Waked, Moustapha Hamdi

Onderzoeksoutput: Article › peer review

Samenvatting

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) imaging enhances surgical planning and documentation in plastic surgery, but high costs limit accessibility. Mobile Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology offers a potential cost-effective alternative.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility of iPhone-based LiDAR scanning for breast measurements compared to traditional methods, and to establish standardized protocols for clinical implementation.

METHODS: In this prospective validation study, 25 consecutive patients (mean age: 44 years; range: 32-64 years; mean BMI: 23.2 kg/m²) undergoing breast procedures were evaluated using the "3D Scanner App" on iPhone 15 Pro (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA). Three standardized measurements (sternal notch-to-nipple, nipple-to-midline, nipple-to-inframammary fold) were compared between LiDAR and manual techniques. Technical error of measurement (TEM) and relative TEM (rTEM) were calculated. Inter-rater reliability, learning curve assessment, and cost-effectiveness analysis were performed.

RESULTS: LiDAR measurements showed very good accuracy for sternal notch-to-nipple (rTEM 1.43%, 95% CI: 1.21-1.65) and nipple-to-midline distances (rTEM 3.45%, 95% CI: 3.12-3.78). Nipple-to-inframammary fold measurements showed moderate accuracy (rTEM 8.80%, 95% CI: 8.21-9.39). Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC=0.92). Learning curve analysis demonstrated measurement stability after 5 cases. Cost analysis revealed 97.8% reduction in initial investment compared to commercial 3D imaging systems.

CONCLUSIONS: Mobile LiDAR technology provides accurate breast measurements for most anatomical landmarks at a fraction of the cost of traditional 3D imaging systems. The technology shows excellent reliability after a short learning curve, offering an accessible solution for surgical planning and documentation.

Originele taal-2	English
Pagina's (van-tot)	NP99-NP104
Aantal pagina's	6
Tijdschrift	Aesthetic Surgery Journal
Volume	45
Nummer van het tijdschrift	4
DOI's	https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjae251
Status	Published - 3 jan. 2025

Bibliografische nota

© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact [email protected].

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10.1093/asj/sjae251

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title = "3D Breast Scanning in Plastic Surgery Utilizing Free iPhone LiDAR Application: Evaluation, Potential, and Limitations",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) imaging enhances surgical planning and documentation in plastic surgery, but high costs limit accessibility. Mobile Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology offers a potential cost-effective alternative.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility of iPhone-based LiDAR scanning for breast measurements compared to traditional methods, and to establish standardized protocols for clinical implementation.METHODS: In this prospective validation study, 25 consecutive patients (mean age: 44 years; range: 32-64 years; mean BMI: 23.2 kg/m²) undergoing breast procedures were evaluated using the {"}3D Scanner App{"} on iPhone 15 Pro (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA). Three standardized measurements (sternal notch-to-nipple, nipple-to-midline, nipple-to-inframammary fold) were compared between LiDAR and manual techniques. Technical error of measurement (TEM) and relative TEM (rTEM) were calculated. Inter-rater reliability, learning curve assessment, and cost-effectiveness analysis were performed.RESULTS: LiDAR measurements showed very good accuracy for sternal notch-to-nipple (rTEM 1.43%, 95% CI: 1.21-1.65) and nipple-to-midline distances (rTEM 3.45%, 95% CI: 3.12-3.78). Nipple-to-inframammary fold measurements showed moderate accuracy (rTEM 8.80%, 95% CI: 8.21-9.39). Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC=0.92). Learning curve analysis demonstrated measurement stability after 5 cases. Cost analysis revealed 97.8% reduction in initial investment compared to commercial 3D imaging systems.CONCLUSIONS: Mobile LiDAR technology provides accurate breast measurements for most anatomical landmarks at a fraction of the cost of traditional 3D imaging systems. The technology shows excellent reliability after a short learning curve, offering an accessible solution for surgical planning and documentation.",

author = "Ioannis Kyriazidis and Berner, {Juan Enrique} and Karl Waked and Moustapha Hamdi",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact [email protected].",

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T1 - 3D Breast Scanning in Plastic Surgery Utilizing Free iPhone LiDAR Application

T2 - Evaluation, Potential, and Limitations

AU - Kyriazidis, Ioannis

AU - Berner, Juan Enrique

AU - Waked, Karl

AU - Hamdi, Moustapha

N1 - © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact [email protected].

PY - 2025/1/3

Y1 - 2025/1/3

N2 - BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) imaging enhances surgical planning and documentation in plastic surgery, but high costs limit accessibility. Mobile Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology offers a potential cost-effective alternative.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility of iPhone-based LiDAR scanning for breast measurements compared to traditional methods, and to establish standardized protocols for clinical implementation.METHODS: In this prospective validation study, 25 consecutive patients (mean age: 44 years; range: 32-64 years; mean BMI: 23.2 kg/m²) undergoing breast procedures were evaluated using the "3D Scanner App" on iPhone 15 Pro (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA). Three standardized measurements (sternal notch-to-nipple, nipple-to-midline, nipple-to-inframammary fold) were compared between LiDAR and manual techniques. Technical error of measurement (TEM) and relative TEM (rTEM) were calculated. Inter-rater reliability, learning curve assessment, and cost-effectiveness analysis were performed.RESULTS: LiDAR measurements showed very good accuracy for sternal notch-to-nipple (rTEM 1.43%, 95% CI: 1.21-1.65) and nipple-to-midline distances (rTEM 3.45%, 95% CI: 3.12-3.78). Nipple-to-inframammary fold measurements showed moderate accuracy (rTEM 8.80%, 95% CI: 8.21-9.39). Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC=0.92). Learning curve analysis demonstrated measurement stability after 5 cases. Cost analysis revealed 97.8% reduction in initial investment compared to commercial 3D imaging systems.CONCLUSIONS: Mobile LiDAR technology provides accurate breast measurements for most anatomical landmarks at a fraction of the cost of traditional 3D imaging systems. The technology shows excellent reliability after a short learning curve, offering an accessible solution for surgical planning and documentation.

AB - BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) imaging enhances surgical planning and documentation in plastic surgery, but high costs limit accessibility. Mobile Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology offers a potential cost-effective alternative.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility of iPhone-based LiDAR scanning for breast measurements compared to traditional methods, and to establish standardized protocols for clinical implementation.METHODS: In this prospective validation study, 25 consecutive patients (mean age: 44 years; range: 32-64 years; mean BMI: 23.2 kg/m²) undergoing breast procedures were evaluated using the "3D Scanner App" on iPhone 15 Pro (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA). Three standardized measurements (sternal notch-to-nipple, nipple-to-midline, nipple-to-inframammary fold) were compared between LiDAR and manual techniques. Technical error of measurement (TEM) and relative TEM (rTEM) were calculated. Inter-rater reliability, learning curve assessment, and cost-effectiveness analysis were performed.RESULTS: LiDAR measurements showed very good accuracy for sternal notch-to-nipple (rTEM 1.43%, 95% CI: 1.21-1.65) and nipple-to-midline distances (rTEM 3.45%, 95% CI: 3.12-3.78). Nipple-to-inframammary fold measurements showed moderate accuracy (rTEM 8.80%, 95% CI: 8.21-9.39). Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC=0.92). Learning curve analysis demonstrated measurement stability after 5 cases. Cost analysis revealed 97.8% reduction in initial investment compared to commercial 3D imaging systems.CONCLUSIONS: Mobile LiDAR technology provides accurate breast measurements for most anatomical landmarks at a fraction of the cost of traditional 3D imaging systems. The technology shows excellent reliability after a short learning curve, offering an accessible solution for surgical planning and documentation.

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