A research methodolgy for designing the optimal prosthesis bra

Purpose: In 2006, Belgium had the highest rate of breast cancer in Europe. Fortunately, due to early detection, the mortality rate has been reduced. In spite of many improvements, mastectomy is still sometimes the only solution often leading to post operative complications. Psychological burden, local numbness, hypertrophic scars and lymphatic edema of the arm are some of the problems that are well documented in the literature. However, posture disturbance and neck and back complaints are very common, arising from the surgically created loading unbalance on the skeleton and mechanical shortcomings of prosthesis bras, have so far neither been investigated, nor prevented or treated. Therefore, we propose a methodology for designing a prototype of a structurally optimal prosthesis bra as a solution for these complaints. Methods: For the construction of a new prosthesis bra it is important to get a clear view on the anatomy of the female breast. A breast is defined by its tissue characteristics, boundary conditions and geometrical shape. Through literature, medical imaging, anthropomorphometric measurements and attending mastectomy surgeries, we will first build a simple breast model. The biomechanical properties of the breast tissue, like density, elasticity and breast edema can be examined through US-elastography. All properties will be imported in a numerical Finite Element Package, and validated on a phantom. The shape of the breast will be measured by a 3D surface scanner, and a generic torso model of a patient will be adjusted correspondingly to fit a bra. Next, we will simulate the interaction between torso, the prosthesis and bra and report on the resulting reaction forces on the torso. These results will be related to the patient's physiological problems. Finally, after consolidating the above research in a prototype bra, the study will analyze the influence of daily movements on the breast shape and complaints, and also its socio economic aspects. Results/conclusions: Preliminary results indicate the benefits of our cross-disciplinary research.