Samenvatting
Risk assessments of various types of chemical compounds are carried out in the European Union (EU) foremost to comply with legislation and to support regulatory decision making with respect to their safety. Historically, risk assessment has relied heavily on animal experiments. However, the EU is committed to reduce animal experimentation and has implemented several legislative changes, which have triggered a paradigm shift towards human-relevant animal-free testing in the field of toxicology, in particular for risk assessment. For some specific endpoints, such as skin corrosion and irritation, validated alternatives are available whilst for other endpoints, including repeated dose systemic toxicity, the use of animal data is still central to meet the information requirements stipulated in the different legislations. The present review aims to provide an overview of established and more recently introduced methods for hazard assessment and risk characterisation for human health, in particular in the context of the EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC No 1223/2009) as well as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation (EC 1907/2006).
| Originele taal-2 | English |
|---|---|
| Pagina's (van-tot) | 395-471 |
| Aantal pagina's | 23 |
| Tijdschrift | Critical reviews in toxicology |
| Volume | 51 |
| Nummer van het tijdschrift | 5 |
| Vroegere onlinedatum | 5 aug 2021 |
| DOI's | |
| Status | Published - 15 sep 2021 |
Bibliografische nota
Funding Information:This work was supported by Cosmetics Europe as part of the Long Range Science Strategy programme and the European Chemical Industry Council. The authors would like to give thanks to Dr. Vânia Vilas Boas at the Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium (VUB) for her support throughout the project, and to Miss Manon Wery at the Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, VUB, who has provided excellent administrative help. The authors gratefully acknowledge the comments provide by reviewers selected by the Editor and whose identity was not made known to the authors. Further, the authors wish to thank Prof. Mark Cronin at the School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom; Mr. Bertrand Desprez at The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, France; Dr. Anne Kienhuis at the Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands; and Dr. Catherine Mahony at Procter & Gamble, United Kingdom who have read and provided valuable input on the revised manuscript.
Funding Information:
Funding was received by Cosmetics Europe and the European Chemical Industry Council and solely used to fund EAD and MV. The funder had no influence on the manuscript’s content. None of the other authors received compensation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.