Can the crowd deliver? Analysis of crowd logistics’ types and stakeholder support

Today’s consumer has high expectations concerning retailers’ delivery services. Meanwhile, the impact of urban freight transport on cities intensifies. Crowd logistics is presented as an interesting innovation that responds to both developments. However, both practice and research contradict this claim. Our research aims to investigate which types of crowd logistics activities currently exist and which types are supported by the stakeholders involved. Therefore, we systematically review existing literature and execute a multi-actor multi-criteria analysis. Our findings indicate that stakeholders’ perceptions diverge significantly, which should be taken into account by both practitioners and policy-makers.