Does the EU have friends?

This article seeks to explore the relevance of the concept of international friendship for the study of EU foreign policy. Drawing on a nascent friendship literature developing in the field of IR, this article argues that the EU's friendships – relations with significant others based on shared narratives and projects – play an important part in the EU's construction of its international identity. To illustrate this argument, the article provides an analysis of the EU's relations with Japan. The analysis suggests that EU-Japan relations can usefully be described as an emergent international friendship which – revolving around the narrative of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific and shared projects such as the EU-Japan Partnership on Sustainable Connectivity and Quality Infrastructure – shapes and solidifies the EU's self-image as an actor in international affairs.