Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

CMS Collaboration; Emil Sørensen Bols; Jorgen D'Hondt; Soumya Dansana; Alexandre De Moor; Martin Delcourt; Hesham El Faham; Steven Lowette; Inna Makarenko; Denise Müller; Abanti Ranadhir Sahasransu; Stefaan Tavernier; Michael Tytgat; Gerrit Van Onsem; Senne Van Putte; David Vannerom; Nicolas Stylianou

doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b

Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

CMS Collaboration, Emil Sørensen Bols, Jorgen D'Hondt, Soumya Dansana, Alexandre De Moor, Martin Delcourt, Hesham El Faham, Steven Lowette, Inna Makarenko, Denise Müller, Abanti Ranadhir Sahasransu, Stefaan Tavernier, Michael Tytgat, Gerrit Van Onsem, Senne Van Putte, David Vannerom, Nicolas Stylianou

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Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb$^{-1}$. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 $\pm$ 0.002 (stat) $\pm$ 0.016 (syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 $\pm$ 8 (syst) MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions.

Originele taal-2	English
Artikelnummer	77801
Aantal pagina's	21
Tijdschrift	Report on Progress
Volume	87
Nummer van het tijdschrift	7
DOI's	https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b
Status	Published - 20 jun 2024

Bibliografische nota

Replaced to correct one number in the previous version. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-23-003 (CMS Public Pages)

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10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9bLicentie: CC BY

The_CMS_Collaboration_2024_Rep._Prog._Phys._87_077801Final published version, 1,73 MBLicentie: CC BY

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7 Actief

EU674: Innoveren voor duurzame versnellende systemen
D'Hondt, J., Tytgat, M. & D'Hondt, J.
1/03/24 → 29/02/28
Project: Fundamenteel
FWOAL1078: Studie van de Charm-Higgs Yukawa bij de LHC
Tytgat, M. & D'Hondt, J.
1/01/23 → 31/12/26
Project: Fundamenteel
iBOF/23/074: Ontsluiten van de charm-Higgs koppeling bij de LHC
Lowette, S., D'Hondt, J., D'Hondt, J., Lowette, S., Van Mechelen, P. & Dobur, D.
1/01/23 → 31/12/26
Project: Fundamenteel

Citeer dit

CMS Collaboration, Bols, E. S., D'Hondt, J., Dansana, S., De Moor, A., Delcourt, M., El Faham, H., Lowette, S., Makarenko, I., Müller, D., Sahasransu, A. R., Tavernier, S., Tytgat, M., Van Onsem, G., Van Putte, S., Vannerom, D., & Stylianou, N. (2024). Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC. Report on Progress, 87(7), [77801]. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b

CMS Collaboration ; Bols, Emil Sørensen ; D'Hondt, Jorgen ; Dansana, Soumya ; De Moor, Alexandre ; Delcourt, Martin ; El Faham, Hesham ; Lowette, Steven ; Makarenko, Inna ; Müller, Denise ; Sahasransu, Abanti Ranadhir ; Tavernier, Stefaan ; Tytgat, Michael ; Van Onsem, Gerrit ; Van Putte, Senne ; Vannerom, David ; Stylianou, Nicolas. / Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC. In: Report on Progress. 2024 ; Vol. 87, Nr. 7.

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title = "Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC",

abstract = " Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb$^{-1}$. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 $\pm$ 0.002 (stat) $\pm$ 0.016 (syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 $\pm$ 8 (syst) MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions. ",

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author = "{CMS Collaboration} and Bols, {Emil S{\o}rensen} and Jorgen D'Hondt and Soumya Dansana and {De Moor}, Alexandre and Martin Delcourt and {El Faham}, Hesham and Steven Lowette and Inna Makarenko and Denise M{\"u}ller and Sahasransu, {Abanti Ranadhir} and Stefaan Tavernier and Michael Tytgat and {Van Onsem}, Gerrit and {Van Putte}, Senne and David Vannerom and Nicolas Stylianou",

note = "Replaced to correct one number in the previous version. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-23-003 (CMS Public Pages)",

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CMS Collaboration, Bols, ES, D'Hondt, J , Dansana, S , De Moor, A , Delcourt, M, El Faham, H, Lowette, S , Makarenko, I, Müller, D, Sahasransu, AR, Tavernier, S , Tytgat, M , Van Onsem, G , Van Putte, S , Vannerom, D & Stylianou, N 2024, 'Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC', Report on Progress, vol. 87, nr. 7, 77801. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b

Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC. / CMS Collaboration; Bols, Emil Sørensen; D'Hondt, Jorgen ; Dansana, Soumya ; De Moor, Alexandre ; Delcourt, Martin; El Faham, Hesham; Lowette, Steven ; Makarenko, Inna; Müller, Denise; Sahasransu, Abanti Ranadhir; Tavernier, Stefaan ; Tytgat, Michael ; Van Onsem, Gerrit ; Van Putte, Senne ; Vannerom, David; Stylianou, Nicolas.

In: Report on Progress, Vol. 87, Nr. 7, 77801, 20.06.2024.

Onderzoeksoutput: Article › peer review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

AU - CMS Collaboration

AU - Bols, Emil Sørensen

AU - D'Hondt, Jorgen

AU - Dansana, Soumya

AU - De Moor, Alexandre

AU - Delcourt, Martin

AU - El Faham, Hesham

AU - Lowette, Steven

AU - Makarenko, Inna

AU - Müller, Denise

AU - Sahasransu, Abanti Ranadhir

AU - Tavernier, Stefaan

AU - Tytgat, Michael

AU - Van Onsem, Gerrit

AU - Van Putte, Senne

AU - Vannerom, David

AU - Stylianou, Nicolas

N1 - Replaced to correct one number in the previous version. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-23-003 (CMS Public Pages)

PY - 2024/6/20

Y1 - 2024/6/20

N2 - Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb$^{-1}$. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 $\pm$ 0.002 (stat) $\pm$ 0.016 (syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 $\pm$ 8 (syst) MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions.

AB - Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb$^{-1}$. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 $\pm$ 0.002 (stat) $\pm$ 0.016 (syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 $\pm$ 8 (syst) MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions.

KW - nucl-ex

KW - hep-ex

U2 - 10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b

DO - 10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b

M3 - Article

VL - 87

JO - Report on Progress

JF - Report on Progress

SN - 1361-6633

IS - 7

M1 - 77801

ER -

Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

Samenvatting

Bibliografische nota

Toegang tot document

Projecten

EU674: Innoveren voor duurzame versnellende systemen

FWOAL1078: Studie van de Charm-Higgs Yukawa bij de LHC

iBOF/23/074: Ontsluiten van de charm-Higgs koppeling bij de LHC

Citeer dit