TY - JOUR
T1 - Historical Changes and Reasons for Model Differences in Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing in CMIP6
AU - Fiedler, Stephanie
AU - Noije, Twan van
AU - Smith, Christopher J.
AU - Boucher, Olivier
AU - Dufresne, Jean-Louis
AU - Kirkevåg, Alf
AU - Olivié, Dirk
AU - Pinto, Rovina
AU - Reerink, Thomas
AU - Adriana, SIMA
AU - Schulz, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
S.F. acknowledges past institutional support from the Max‐Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI‐M) and the University of Cologne. T.v.N., D.O., and M.S. acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 821205 (FORCeS). C.J.S. was supported by a NERC/IIASA Collaborative Research Fellowship (NE/T009381/1). A.K., D.O., and M.S. were supported by the Research Council of Norway‐funded projects INES (270061) and KeyClim (295046). This work used resources of the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) granted by its Scientific Steering Committee under project ID bb1198 for data analyses and to MPI‐M (mh0730, mh0066) for performing the MPI‐ESM1.2‐LR experiments. The IPSL‐CM6 experiments were performed using the HPC resources of TGCC under the allocations 2019‐A0060107732, 2020‐A0080107732, and 2021‐A0100107732 (project gencmip6) provided by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). T.v.N. analyzed the model output from the experiments and C.J.S. from the experiments. R.P. contributed Figures S1, S3, and S4 in Supporting Information S1 . J.‐L.D., A.K., A.L., D.O., T.R., A.S., and S.F. performed RFMIP experiments. S.F. led the study and the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the discussion and writing of the manuscript. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. piClim hist
Funding Information:
S.F. acknowledges past institutional support from the Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) and the University of Cologne. T.v.N., D.O., and M.S. acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 821205 (FORCeS). C.J.S. was supported by a NERC/IIASA Collaborative Research Fellowship (NE/T009381/1). A.K., D.O., and M.S. were supported by the Research Council of Norway-funded projects INES (270061) and KeyClim (295046). This work used resources of the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) granted by its Scientific Steering Committee under project ID bb1198 for data analyses and to MPI-M (mh0730, mh0066) for performing the MPI-ESM1.2-LR experiments. The IPSL-CM6 experiments were performed using the HPC resources of TGCC under the allocations 2019-A0060107732, 2020-A0080107732, and 2021-A0100107732 (project gencmip6) provided by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). T.v.N. analyzed the model output from the piClim experiments and C.J.S. from the hist experiments. R.P. contributed Figures S1, S3, and S4 in Supporting Information S1. J.-L.D., A.K., A.L., D.O., T.R., A.S., and S.F. performed RFMIP experiments. S.F. led the study and the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the discussion and writing of the manuscript. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors.
PY - 2023/8/16
Y1 - 2023/8/16
N2 - The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) allows estimates of effective radiative forcing (ERF) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six (CMIP6). We analyze the RFMIP output, including the new experiments from models that use the same parameterization for anthropogenic aerosols (RFMIP‐SpAer), to characterize and better understand model differences in aerosol ERF. We find little changes in the aerosol ERF for 1970–2014 in the CMIP6 multi‐model mean, which implies greenhouse gases primarily explain the positive trend in the total anthropogenic ERF. Cloud‐mediated effects dominate the present‐day aerosol ERF in most models. The results highlight a regional increase in marine cloudiness due to aerosols, despite suppressed cloud lifetime effects in that RFMIP‐SpAer experiment. Negative cloud‐mediated effects mask positive direct effects in many models, which arise from strong anthropogenic aerosol absorption. The findings suggest opportunities to better constrain simulated ERF by revisiting the optical properties and long‐range transport of aerosols.
AB - The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) allows estimates of effective radiative forcing (ERF) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six (CMIP6). We analyze the RFMIP output, including the new experiments from models that use the same parameterization for anthropogenic aerosols (RFMIP‐SpAer), to characterize and better understand model differences in aerosol ERF. We find little changes in the aerosol ERF for 1970–2014 in the CMIP6 multi‐model mean, which implies greenhouse gases primarily explain the positive trend in the total anthropogenic ERF. Cloud‐mediated effects dominate the present‐day aerosol ERF in most models. The results highlight a regional increase in marine cloudiness due to aerosols, despite suppressed cloud lifetime effects in that RFMIP‐SpAer experiment. Negative cloud‐mediated effects mask positive direct effects in many models, which arise from strong anthropogenic aerosol absorption. The findings suggest opportunities to better constrain simulated ERF by revisiting the optical properties and long‐range transport of aerosols.
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gl104848
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85167368546&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1029/2023GL104848
DO - 10.1029/2023GL104848
M3 - Article
SN - 0094-8276
VL - 50
JO - Geophysical Research Letters
JF - Geophysical Research Letters
IS - 15
M1 - e2023GL104848
ER -