TY - JOUR
T1 - International consensus statement for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of adolescents with concurrent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder
AU - Therribout, Norman
AU - van Kernebeek, Michiel W.
AU - Vorspan, Florence
AU - Crunelle, Cleo L.
AU - van den Brink, Wim
AU - Özgen, Heval
AU - Spijkerman, Renske
AU - Noack, Moritz
AU - Holtmann, Martin
AU - Schellekens, Arnt S.A.
AU - van de Glind, Geurt
AU - Hendriks, Vincent
AU - Dom, Geert
AU - Moggi, Franz
AU - Konstenius, Maija
AU - Franck, Johan
AU - Levin, Frances R.
AU - Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni
AU - Demetrovics, Zsolt
AU - Coetzee, Corné
AU - Luderer, Mathias
AU - Matthys, Frieda
AU - Icick, Romain
AU - Romo, Lucia
N1 - Funding Information:
Cette recherche a été soutenue par une contribution financière de l'ICASA au Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC) (Dr. Özgen, Dr. Spijkerman, Dr. Hendriks) et par l'Institut de recherche en santé publique (IReSP; financement 2019 obtenu par R.I.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - Background: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for substance misuse and substance use disorder (SUD) in adolescence and (early) adulthood. ADHD and SUD also frequently co-occur in treatment-seeking adolescents, which complicates diagnosis and treatment and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Research on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on the prevention of adolescent SUD is inconclusive, and studies on the diagnosis and treatment of adolescents with ADHD and SUD are scarce. Thus, the available evidence is generally not sufficient to justify robust treatment recommendations. Objective: The aim of the study was to obtain a consensus statement based on a combination of scientific data and clinical experience. Method: A modified Delphi study to reach consensus based upon the combination of scientific data and clinical experience with a multidisciplinary group of 55 experts from 17 countries. The experts were asked to rate a set of statements on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on adolescent SUD and on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of adolescents with comorbid ADHD and SUD. Results: After 3 iterative rounds of rating and adapting 37 statements, consensus was reached on 36 of these statements representing 6 domains: general (n = 4), risk of developing SUD (n = 3), screening and diagnosis (n = 7), psychosocial treatment (n = 5), pharmacological treatment (n = 11), and complementary treatments (n = 7). Routine screening is recommended for ADHD in adolescent patients in substance abuse treatment and for SUD in adolescent patients with ADHD in mental healthcare settings. Long-acting stimulants are recommended as the firstline treatment of ADHD in adolescents with concurrent ADHD and SUD, and pharmacotherapy should preferably be embedded in psychosocial treatment. The only remaining no-consensus statement concerned the requirement of abstinence before starting pharmacological treatment in adolescents with ADHD and concurrent SUD. In contrast to the majority, some experts required full abstinence before starting any pharmacological treatment, some were against the use of stimulants in the treatment of these patients (independent of abstinence), while some were against the alternative use of bupropion. Conclusion: This international consensus statement can be used by clinicians and patients together in a shared decision-making process to select the best interventions and to reach optimal outcomes in adolescent patients with concurrent ADHD and SUD.
AB - Background: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for substance misuse and substance use disorder (SUD) in adolescence and (early) adulthood. ADHD and SUD also frequently co-occur in treatment-seeking adolescents, which complicates diagnosis and treatment and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Research on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on the prevention of adolescent SUD is inconclusive, and studies on the diagnosis and treatment of adolescents with ADHD and SUD are scarce. Thus, the available evidence is generally not sufficient to justify robust treatment recommendations. Objective: The aim of the study was to obtain a consensus statement based on a combination of scientific data and clinical experience. Method: A modified Delphi study to reach consensus based upon the combination of scientific data and clinical experience with a multidisciplinary group of 55 experts from 17 countries. The experts were asked to rate a set of statements on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on adolescent SUD and on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of adolescents with comorbid ADHD and SUD. Results: After 3 iterative rounds of rating and adapting 37 statements, consensus was reached on 36 of these statements representing 6 domains: general (n = 4), risk of developing SUD (n = 3), screening and diagnosis (n = 7), psychosocial treatment (n = 5), pharmacological treatment (n = 11), and complementary treatments (n = 7). Routine screening is recommended for ADHD in adolescent patients in substance abuse treatment and for SUD in adolescent patients with ADHD in mental healthcare settings. Long-acting stimulants are recommended as the firstline treatment of ADHD in adolescents with concurrent ADHD and SUD, and pharmacotherapy should preferably be embedded in psychosocial treatment. The only remaining no-consensus statement concerned the requirement of abstinence before starting pharmacological treatment in adolescents with ADHD and concurrent SUD. In contrast to the majority, some experts required full abstinence before starting any pharmacological treatment, some were against the use of stimulants in the treatment of these patients (independent of abstinence), while some were against the alternative use of bupropion. Conclusion: This international consensus statement can be used by clinicians and patients together in a shared decision-making process to select the best interventions and to reach optimal outcomes in adolescent patients with concurrent ADHD and SUD.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
KW - Consensus statement
KW - Substance use disorder
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/6ab79780-a186-38d1-9dad-1284fde995e7/
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144414919&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neurenf.2022.11.004
DO - 10.1016/j.neurenf.2022.11.004
M3 - Article
VL - 71
SP - 25
EP - 34
JO - Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence
JF - Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence
SN - 0222-9617
IS - 1
ER -