MRI in hypertrophic mono- and polyneuropathies

Different conditions that may lead to enlarged nerves or nerve roots include hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), and intraneural perineurioma. Differential diagnosis of hypertrophic mono- and polyradiculopathies remains challenging but is important because of different treatments and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can identify the hypertrophic nerve segments and guide a fascicular biopsy. A fascicular biopsy will often be necessary for precise diagnosis.