On-site geometrical measurements of an experimental ice composite shell through TLS and photogrammetry

Measurement techniques for determining the thickness and shape of ice structures can be divided into contact and non-contact methods. The non-contact methods are the most appropriate for measuring relatively thin fiber reinforced ice shells because they hold no risk for damages. Furthermore, these measurement techniques can be repeated during the icing process, which, additionally, enables to produce intermediate results. This paper describes the 3D measurement and modelling methods used for the “Candela pavilion” that was built by university students and staff in the framework of an international project in Juuka, Finland during the winter of early 2016.