TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantum Bose-Einstein statistics for Indistinguishable Concepts in Human Language
AU - Beltran, Lester
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - We investigate the hypothesis that within a combination of a 'number concept' plus a 'substantive concept', such as 'eleven animals', the identity and indistinguishability present on the level of the concepts, i.e., all eleven animals are identical and indistinguishable, gives rise to a statistical structure of the Bose-Einstein type similar to how Bose-Einstein statistics is present for identical and indistinguishable quantum particles. We proceed by identifying evidence for this hypothesis by extracting the statistical data from the World-Wide-Web utilizing the Google Search tool. By using the Kullback-Leibler divergence method, we then compare the obtained distribution with the Maxwell-Boltzmann as well as with the Bose-Einstein distributions and show that the Bose-Einstein's provides a better t as compared to the Maxwell-Boltzmann's.
AB - We investigate the hypothesis that within a combination of a 'number concept' plus a 'substantive concept', such as 'eleven animals', the identity and indistinguishability present on the level of the concepts, i.e., all eleven animals are identical and indistinguishable, gives rise to a statistical structure of the Bose-Einstein type similar to how Bose-Einstein statistics is present for identical and indistinguishable quantum particles. We proceed by identifying evidence for this hypothesis by extracting the statistical data from the World-Wide-Web utilizing the Google Search tool. By using the Kullback-Leibler divergence method, we then compare the obtained distribution with the Maxwell-Boltzmann as well as with the Bose-Einstein distributions and show that the Bose-Einstein's provides a better t as compared to the Maxwell-Boltzmann's.
KW - Identity
KW - indistinguishability
KW - Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics
KW - Bose-Einstein statistics
KW - quantum cognition
KW - quantum information
KW - natural language processing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105469210&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10699-021-09794-1
DO - 10.1007/s10699-021-09794-1
M3 - Article
SN - 1233-1821
VL - 28
SP - 43
EP - 55
JO - Foundations of Science
JF - Foundations of Science
IS - 1
ER -