Radical Innovations in Early Stages of the Innovation Process in Biotechnology

Background
Biotechnology is a research intensive sector. Compared to other industries biotechnology has unique characteristics such as high uncertainty towards technical feasibility and commercial viability, long product development processes and innovation is far more radical than in other industries. An increasing number of innovations have their origin in universities and research institutes.

Objective
This study focuses on radical innovation projects in pharmaceutical biotechnology originating from research institutes or universities. The objective of this research is to analyze for these projects how early stages of the innovation process can be effectively managed with the aim to enter the late stage of the innovation process and to transfer the innovation from academia to another organization.

Theory and methodology
A mixed method approach is applied for the present research. Guided by a theoretical framework a multiple case study approach is conducted to identify factors and to derive propositions for effective management. In addition, an Analytic Hierarchy Process method is applied to evaluate the importance of factors identified in the qualitative part.

Results and implications
Crucial factors to enhance effectiveness are relating to resources, the transfer team, the context and guidance of the project as well as aspects relating to information needed to develop the innovation. Preliminary results from the AHP model emphasize the importance of intense scientific and economic analysis as well as supportive organizational structure and culture. Directors of research institutes should integrate technology transfer and commercializing research in the institute or university's objectives. Researchers should see technology transfer rather as part of their job than as additional job. In addition, a research evaluation that is often solely focused on publications and impact points is hindering. Researchers who manage a radical innovation project should ensure clarity of responsibilities and transparency regarding tasks, short-term objectives and required information. Due to the characteristics of radical innovations an intense communication and exchange of information is another crucial characteristic to enhance effectiveness. Eventually, the project team should utilize a broad mix of funding sources to ensure sustainability of the innovation project.