Strategic issues: genotype-phenotype correlations

The mechanisms responsible for individual differences in response to mutagens/
carcinogens are largely attributed to inherited variations in genes involved in metabolism,
repair of DNA damage, regulation of apoptosis, control of the cell cycle
and immune response. Due to these variations, some individuals exhibit an increased
sensitivity compared to the general population. Therefore the identification of higher risk
individuals carrying genetic polymorphisms responsible for activation/detoxification
of mutagens/carcinogens and for reduced DNA repair capacity has substantial preventive
implications as these individuals could be targeted for primary cancer prevention.
The identification of susceptible individuals can be achieved by genotyping, phenotyping
and assessment of functional enzyme activity.