Use of Impervious Surface Data Obtained from Remote Sensing in Distributed Hydrological Modeling of Urban Areas

While the increase of impervious surface cover in urbanized areas has a clear impact on urban hydrological processes, the relationship between flood conditions and urban development has been poorly studied. This chapter focuses on a case study demonstrating the impact of different remote sensing methods for characterizing the distribution of impervious surfaces on runoff estimation, and how this affects the assessment of peak discharges in an urbanized watershed in the Brussels Capital Region, Belgium. In the study use is made ofWetSpa, a grid-based spatially distributed hydrological model adapted to incorporate information on the proportion of different types of land-cover at grid cell level. The study shows that use of detailed information on the spatial distribution of impervious surfaces, as obtained from remotely sensed data, strongly affects local runoff estimation and has a clear impact on the modeling of peak discharges. Little difference, however, is observed between results obtained with impervious surface maps derived from high-resolution remote sensing data (IKONOS, 4 m resolution) and sub-pixel estimates of impervious surface cover derived from satellite data matching the model's resolution (Landsat, 30 m resolution).