Vehicular Visible Light Communication Channel Models: A systematic review

This study reviews current channel models for Vehicular Visible Light Communication (V-VLC) within the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems. While radio-frequency (RF) systems, such as Wi-Fi and cellular networks, face interference, bandwidth challenges, network congestion, and security issues, V-VLC emerges as a promising alternative. Its license-free spectrum, broad bandwidth, energy efficiency, and existing transmitters make it attractive for vehicular communication. Through a combination of V-VLC and traditional RF communication systems, a large ecosystem of connected vehicles could be obtained, improving safety and efficiency for the future fleet of electric (autonomous) vehicles. Despite successful indoor implementations, outdoor applications of V-VLC require further research. The focus of this review is on assessing the advancements of V-VLC as a valuable addition to vehicular networks, with a specific emphasis on photometric aspects of the optical channel models.